Edatlar, (prepositions) genellikle isimlerin önünde (bazen de ulaç fiillerin önünde) duran kısa kelimelerdir (on, in, to).
1:1 çeviri genellikle mümkün olmadığından, ileri düzeyde İngilizce öğrenenler bile edatları zor bulur. Ana dilinizdeki bir edatın duruma göre birkaç çevirisi olabilir.
Hangi edatın ne zaman kullanılacağına dair neredeyse hiçbir kural yoktur.
Edatları öğrenmenin tek yolu, onlara bir sözlükte bakmak, çokça İngilizce okumak (edebiyat) ve yararlı ifadeleri ezbere öğrenmektir (çalışma ipuçları).
Aşağıdaki tablo, İngilizce’de en sık kullanılan edatlardan bazıları için kurallar içermektedir:
Edatların çeşitleri
- Direction:Look to the left and you’ll see our destination.
- Time:We’ve been working since this morning.
- Location:We saw a movie at the theater.
- Space:The dog hid under the table.
Özet ve örnekler;
Prepositions of Direction | to | into | onto |
Prepositions of Time | in | günün bölümleri (spesifik olmayan zamanlar), aylar, yıllar ve sezonlar | |
at | günün zamanları at noon, at night, at midnight. | ||
on | günler için | ||
uzun süreçler için “since,” “for,” “by,” “during,” “from…to,” “from…until,” “with,” ve “within.” | |||
Prepositions of Place | “in” (the point itself), “at” (the general vicinity), “on” (the surface), ve “inside” (something contained). | ||
Biz zeminin üzerindekler için “over” and “above.” altındakiler iiçin “below,” “beneath,” “under,” ve “underneath.” | |||
Yakınlık belirtmek istediğinizde “by,” “near,” “next to,” “between,” “among,” ve “opposite.” |
Prepositions of Direction (Yön edatları)
to | She drove to the store. |
into | Don’t ring the doorbell. Come right in(to) the house. |
onto | Drive on(to) the grass and park the car there. |
Prepositions of Time (Zaman edatları)
Günün bölümleri (belirli zamanlar değil), aylar, yıllar ve mevsimlerle “in” kullanın.
in | He reads in the evening. |
in | The weather is cold in December. |
in | She was born in 1996. |
in | We rake leaves in the fall. |
in | in September / in autumn |
in | in the evening |
in | in 2020 |
in | in thirty minutes |
Günün saati için “at” kullanın. Ayrıca öğlen, gece ve gece yarısı ile “at” kullanın.
at | I go to work at 8:00. |
at | He eats lunch at noon. |
at | She often goes for a walk at night. |
at | They go to bed at midnight. |
at | at night |
at | at half past seven |
at | at night |
at | at the weekend |
at | at half past nine |
Günler için “on” kullanın.
on | I work on Saturdays. |
on | He does laundry on Wednesdays. |
Uzunca süreler için şu edatları kulanabilirsiniz. “since,” “for,” “by,” “during,” “from…to,” “from…until,” “with,” and “within.”
since | I have lived in Minneapolis since 2005. (I moved there in 2005 and still live there.) |
since 1980 | |
for | He will be in Toronto for 3 weeks. (He will spend 3 weeks in Toronto.) |
for 2 years | |
by | She will finish her homework by 6:00. |
(She will finish her homework sometime between now and 6:00.) | |
I will be back by 6 o’clock. (in the sense of at the latest) | |
By 11 o’clock, I had read five pages.(up to a certain time) | |
during | He works part time during the summer. |
(For the period of time throughout the summer.) | |
from..to | I will collect data from January to June. |
(Starting in January and ending in June.) | |
from..until | They are in school from August until May. |
(Starting in August and ending in May.) | |
within | She will graduate within 2 years. (Not longer than 2 years.) |
ago | 4 years ago (a time in the past) |
before | before 2020 (earlier than a specified date) |
to | ten to 10 (9:50) (telling the time) |
past | ten past five (5:10) (telling the time) |
to / till / until | from Wednesday to/till Friday (the beginning and end of a period of time) |
till / until | He is on vacation until Sunday (how long something is going to last) |
Prepositions of Place (Yer edatları)
Bir yere atıfta bulunmak için “in” (noktanın kendisi), “at” (genel çevre), “on” (yüzey) ve “inside” (içerilen bir şey) edatlarını kullanın.
- They will meet in the lunchroom.
- She was waiting at the corner.
- He left his phone on the bed.
- Place the pen inside the drawer.
Bir noktadan daha yüksek bir nesneye atıfta bulunmak için “over” ve “above” edatlarını kullanın. Bir noktadan daha alçak bir nesneyi ifade etmek için “below,” “beneath,” “under,” and “underneath.” edatlarını kullanın.
- The bird flew over the house.
- The plates were on the shelf above the cups.
- Basements are dug below
- There is hard wood beneath the carpet.
- The squirrel hid the nuts under a pile of leaves.
- The cat is hiding underneath the box.
Bir noktaya yakın bir nesneyi belirtmek için, “by”, “near”, “next to”, “among”, “between” ve “opposite” edatlarını kullanın.
- The gas station is by the grocery store.
- The park is near her house.
- Park your bike next to the garage.
- There is a deer between the two trees.
- There is a purple flower among the weeds.
- The garage is opposite the house.
in
- We sleep in our bedroom. We live in Texas.
- I live in the United States.
- I read about it in Harry Potter.
- We are going in a bus to the sports game.
- You look great in that picture. Where in the world were you?
- in the kitchen, in London
- in the book
- in the car, in a taxi
- in the picture, in the world
at
- Leave your shoes at the door.
- We have dinner at the table.
- I told him I would meet him at
- We are studying at the library.
- at the door, at the station
- at the table
- at a concert, at the party
- at the cinema, at school, at work
on
- The mirror is on the wall.
- The keys are on the desk.
- The stage is on the right side.
- We live on the first floor.
- I talked to him on the bus.
- I saw it on
- the picture on the wall
- London lies on the Thames.
- on the table
- on the left
- on the first floor
- on the bus, on a plane
- on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside
- The school is next to the church.
- Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
under
- The ants are under the rock.
- the bag is under the table
below
- The glasses go below the cups in the pantry.
- the fish are below the surface
over
- Put a blanket over your lap.
- You can drive if you are over 16 years of age.
- Drive over the bridge.
- Climb over the wall.
- put a jacket over your shirt
- over 16 years of age
- walk over the bridge
- climb over the wall
above
- The plates go above the glasses in the pantry.
across
- Walk across the bridge.
- Swim across the pool.
- walk across the bridge
- swim across the lake
through
- Drive through the tunnel.
- Enter through the breezeway.
- drive through the tunnel
to
- Go to the restaurant.
- Go to
- Go to
- go to the cinema
- go to London / Ireland
into
- Go into the house. Once there, go into the bedroom.
- go into the kitchen / the house
towards
- She walked towards the house.
- go 5 steps towards the house
onto
- Jump onto the bench.
from
- We bought a fruit from the grocery store.
- a flower from the garden
above
- a path above the lake
Bir konumu belirtmek için “in” (bir alan veya hacim), “at” (bir nokta) ve “on” (bir yüzey) edatlarını kullanın.
- They live inthe country. (an area)
- She will find him atthe library. (a point)
- There is a lot of dirt onthe window. (a surface)
Prepositions of Spatial Relationships (Mekansal ilişki edatları)
Mekansal ilişkiyi anlatmak için şu edatları kullanın “above,” “across,” “against,” “ahead of,” “along,” “among,” “around,” “behind,” “below,”
“beneath,” “beside,” “between,” “from,” “in front of,” “inside,” “near,” “off,” “out of,” “through,” “toward,” “under,” and “within.”
across | The post office is across the street from the grocery store. |
along | We will stop at many attractions along the way. |
behind | The kids are hiding behind the tree. |
off | His shirt is off. |
toward | Walk toward the garage and then turn left. |
within | Place a check mark within the box. |
from | a present from Jane |
of | a page of the book |
the picture of a palace | |
by | a book by Mark Twain |
on | walking or riding on horseback |
get on the bus, on foot | |
in | get in the car |
off | get off the train |
out of | get out of the taxi |
by | by car, by bus |
at | she learned Russian at 45 |
about | we were talking about you |
Diğer örnekler
Prepositions | Sentence |
aboard | We climbed aboard the boat. |
aboard | Is there a doctor aboard the plane? |
about | What do you think about Mary? |
about | Let’s talk about something different. |
about | I’ve just read a book about President Putin. |
about | The lion was pacing about its cage. |
above | We are flying above the clouds. |
above | We live in the hills, 1,000 metres above sea-level. |
above | It’s only two degrees above freezing point. [+2ºC] |
above | Who came above you in the test results? |
according to | According to John, Mary was late. I believe John. |
across | We drove across the desert. |
across | The dog ran across the road. |
across | There is a bridge across the river. |
across | She lives in the house across the street. It’s nearly opposite mine. |
against | Did you vote for or against the suggestion? |
against | He put his bicycle against the wall. |
ahead of | Anthony is ahead of Rachel in the race. He’ll win. |
ahead of | We have a long day ahead of us. Let’s get going! |
along | We walked along the beach for two miles. |
along | There are trees along the road. |
along | The toilet is along the corridor. |
along with | Do you want some pork along with the chicken? |
alongside | Their boat came alongside our boat. |
alongside | Team A worked alongside Team B during construction. |
amid | amidst (poetic) | I couldn’t hear her amid the noise. |
amid | amidst (poetic) | We were lost amidst the trees. |
among | amongst | Is there a doctor among us? |
among | amongst | There were secret police among the crowd. |
among | amongst | I was amongst strangers. I didn’t know anyone. |
apart from | Nobody objected apart from you, so we did it. |
around | We walked around the town for an hour. |
around | They all sat around the camp fire. |
around | There is a big fence around the house. |
around | He was born around 1570. |
around | Let’s meet around 7pm. |
as for | As for Matt, he will arrive later. |
as per | We must work strictly as per the law. |
aside from | I have another car aside from this one. Both are red. |
at | He is at school. |
at | We first met at a party. |
at | Let’s start the meeting at 9 o’clock. |
at | He started work at 17 (years of age). |
at | We are aiming at sales of $1,000,000. |
away from | The cat ran away from the dog and escaped. |
behind | There is a police car behind us. It’s following us. |
behind | We have a garden behind our house. |
behind | The child was hiding behind the tree. |
behind | I am behind your project. I will support it. |
behind | Vonica finished behind Shirley in the race. |
behind | She is behind the other children in her class. |
below | Much of Holland is below sea-level. |
below | There is a family in the flat below us. |
below | The temperature is 5 degrees below freezing point. [-5ºC] |
below | I came below Vonica in the test. |
below | You can buy it if it’s below $50. |
beneath | Our garage is beneath our house. |
beneath | The tunnel runs beneath the sea. |
beneath | Laurence is beneath the General Manager. |
beneath | It was beneath his dignity to do that. |
beside | The river runs beside our house. |
beside | James was sitting beside Miriam. |
besides | What shall we have besides coffee? |
between | Tara was sitting between Ram and Ati. |
between | Between you and me, I think she’s crazy. |
between | I can meet you between 1pm and 2pm. |
beyond | Can you see someone in the distance, beyond that house? |
beyond | This is too difficult. It’s beyond me. |
beyond | The meeting continued beyond midnight. |
but for | It’s your fault! But for you, I’d have been on time. |
by | We came by car. |
by | Fireworks were invented by the Chinese. |
by | He was shot by a professional killer. |
by | It happened by accident. |
by | He lost the race by five seconds. |
by | The room is 10 metres by 6 metres. |
by | We must finish by Tuesday. |
by | We were sitting by the window. |
by | By my calculation he must be 73. |
by means of | You open a door by means of its handle. |
close to | My car is close to your car. About two cars away. |
concerning | Your teacher talked to me concerning your homework. |
concerning | I have some questions concerning your decision. |
considering | Considering the poor quality, I think the price is too high. |
considering | I think I must be going, considering the time. |
contrary to | Contrary to expectations, the euro fell in value. |
counting | There were four people, or five counting the baby. |
counting | That makes $70, not counting the tax. |
down | They ran down the hill. |
down | The post office is down the road. |
down | They have had many wars down the years. |
due to | The cancellation was due to the rain. There was no other reason. |
during | He fell asleep during the meeting. |
during | I want to go swimming during the weekend. |
during | I was bored during the whole film. |
except | You can have any colour except blue. There is no more blue. |
except | They all came except Stephen. He didn’t want to come. |
except for | Everyone was present, except for Mary. She stayed at home. |
excepting | I can eat anything excepting pork. It makes me sick. |
excepting | Excepting Jo, everyone was present. No-one knew where Jo was. |
excluding | It costs $70, excluding $10 for delivery. (Total = $80.) |
excluding | We open every day excluding Christmas Day. On Christmas Day we have a holiday. |
following | We had coffee following lunch. |
following | He couldn’t work following his illness. |
for | This is for you. |
for | Do you want to go for a walk? |
for | You use a corkscrew for opening bottles. |
for | Cigarettes are bad for you. |
for | I’m saving for a new car. |
for | Is this the road for Rome? |
for | They passed me over for John. |
for | Is this the train for Cambridge? |
for | I bought it for $10. |
for | We worked for three hours. |
for | Keep walking for two kilometres. |
from | Where do you come from? |
from | This letter is from my wife. |
from | I bought this car from Henry. |
from | They prevented me from entering. |
from | My car is different from yours. |
from | We worked from Monday to Wednesday. |
from | Paper is made from wood. |
from | It can cost anything from $5 to $15. |
from | The police took my driving licence from me. |
from | He died from overwork. |
given | He is in very good health, given his age. He’s at least 95. |
given | Given the time, you ought to leave now. |
gone | It’s certainly gone 11 o’clock. It must be 11.30. |
gone | He’s gone 50. He must be nearly 60 years old. |
in | Monkeys live in the jungle. |
in | John is the man with his hand in his pocket. |
in | I live in an apartment. |
in | She lives in Bangkok. |
in | Tara was born in 1977. |
in | Trains were invented in the nineteenth century. |
in | I’ll come back in two weeks. |
in | Let’s meet in the morning. |
in | There are 60 seconds in a minute. |
in addition to | There were two people in addition to me. So that made three of us. |
in between | He is in between the two opinions. He wants to compromise. |
in case of | You can phone me in case of need. Day or night. |
in face of | He reacts bravely in face of danger. |
in favour of | I am not in favour of your idea. It won’t work. |
in front of | You can park your car in front of my house. |
in front of | I couldn’t see the film because the woman in front of me was wearing a big hat. |
in spite of | We went swimming in spite of the cold water. |
in view of | In view of your illness, we will wait for a week. |
including | The price is $70 including $10 for delivery. (Total = $70.) |
including | There were four of us, including the baby. |
inside | It was dark inside the tunnel. |
inside | My modem is inside my computer. It’s an internal modem. |
instead of | We don’t have any tea. Would you like coffee instead of tea? |
into | John went into that shop. |
into | If you heat ice it turns into water. |
into | We cut the cake into ten pieces. |
into | Five into ten makes two. |
near | The school is near the post office. |
near | It’s 20 December. We are very near Christmas Day. |
near to | There is a restaurant near to my office. Just two minutes away. |
next to | The school is next to the bank. Between the hotel and the ban |
of | I live in the house at the end of the road. |
of | Do you like the work of Shakespeare? |
of | What was the cost of this book? |
of | He lives in the City of Westminster. |
of | It was kind of you to help me. |
of | This is the cause of the problem. |
of | He died of cancer. |
of | Most tables are made of wood. |
of | Can I have a cup of coffee? |
of | I know some of these people. |
of | I don’t know any of these people. |
of | He lives south of London. |
of | He lives in the south of London. |
off | Please take your shoes off the table. |
off | Keep off the grass. |
off | It fell off the table and broke. |
off | They live in a street off Fifth Avenue. |
on | Please don’t put your shoes on the table. |
on | The picture is on page 7. |
on | We live on a busy road. It’s very noisy. |
on | She is sunbathing on the beach. |
on | Is there water on the Moon? |
on | I need a book on bio-chemistry. |
on | My birthday is on Monday. |
on | I start work on 7 May. |
on | Let’s meet on the weekend. (American English) |
on | I’ll see you on Christmas Day. |
on | You must be on time. |
on | He broke his leg on getting out of the car. |
on account of | Don’t worry on account of me. Think about yourself. |
on behalf of | I’m calling you on behalf of Mr Brown. I represent him in legal matters. |
on board | Is there a doctor on board this plane? |
on to | The cat jumped on to the chair. |
on top of | The cat is sitting on top of the television. |
onto | The cat jumped onto the chair. |
onto | The police are onto us. (slang) |
opposite | There is a post office opposite my house. |
opposite | She sat opposite him and looked into his eyes. |
opposite to | There is a tree opposite to the house. Straight across the road. |
out of | Take your hands out of your pockets and help me! |
out of | He went out of the room to smoke a cigarette. |
out of | We’re out of eggs. Shall I buy some? |
outside | I don’t live in London. I live outside London. |
outside | It was very cold outside the car. |
outside | This is outside my scope. |
outside of | They stopped outside of the city to check the map before entering. |
over | We are flying over the mountains. |
over | Put the blanket over the bed. |
over | The cat jumped over the wall. |
over | Let’s discuss it over dinner. |
over | The king ruled over the country for many years. |
over | The town is just over the border. |
over | It cost over $50. It was $53.25. |
over | There is rain over the whole country. |
over | It took over an hour to do my homework. |
over | The population has increased over the past twenty years. |
over | Can you stay with us over Christmas? |
past | I saw you yesterday when we drove past your school. |
past | The post office is just past the police station. |
past | Don’t work past your bed-time. |
past | This is difficult. It’s past me. |
past | It’s nearly ten minutes past five. 5.09 to be precise. |
pending | We cannot supply you pending payment. |
pending | Pending his return, we can do nothing. |
pending | There were many arguments pending the negotiations. |
prior to | I never spoke French prior to living in France. But I learned quickly after coming to France. |
regarding | I would like to speak to you regarding my homework. |
regarding | Regarding John, let’s talk later. |
regardless of | I don’t want it, regardless of the price. Even if it’s free, I just don’t want it. |
respecting | I would like to speak to you respecting my homework. |
respecting | I am writing to you respecting our latest products. |
round | I live round the corner. |
round | They all sat round the fire. |
round | There is a hedge round the house. |
thanks to | Thanks to Shirley, we arrived on time. |
through | The train goes through a tunnel. |
through | I can see light through the keyhole. |
through | You have been through a difficult experience. |
through | You went thru a red light. |
through | The error occurred through my own stupidity. |
through | They worked Monday through Thursday. (American English) |
throughout | It is raining throughout the whole country. |
throughout | He worked throughout the day, and most of the night. |
to | Could you give this to Kob? |
to | My car does 10 miles to the litre. |
to | To his surprise, the door was open. |
to | The museum is open from Monday to Friday. |
to | The time is ten to five. [4.50] |
towards | He drove off toward(s) the mountain. |
towards | I’d better go. It’s getting toward(s) midnight. |
towards | He contributed $100,000 toward(s) the new building. |
towards | It’s the first step toward(s) peace. |
towards | He has a positive attitude toward(s) his work. |
under | The mouse ran under the chair. |
under | The bucket is under the sink. |
under | Submarines can travel under water. |
under | We drove under a bridge. |
under | I have a T-shirt under my pullover. |
under | Who do you work under? Who is your boss? |
under | I am under orders from the President. |
under | What is the subject under discussion? |
under | Under the company rules, we can’t do that. |
under | Please buy it if it’s under $50. |
underneath | The nurse put a pillow underneath his head. |
underneath | There is a big cellar underneath our house. |
up | Jack and Jill ran up the hill. |
up | There is a post office up the street. |
up against | We are up against a powerful enemy. |
up to | There was a shop here up to 1990. But it closed that year. |
upon (formal) | Please don’t put your shoes upon the table. |
upon (formal) | There are now no dinosaurs upon Earth. |
upon (formal) | I need a book upon bio-chemistry. |
upon (formal) | We met upon a Monday. |
upon (formal) | He broke his leg upon getting out of the car. |
versus | He was the judge in the case of Gore versus Bush. |
versus | We should choose peace versus war. |
via | We flew from Paris to Bangkok via Dubai. |
with | Do you live with your parents? |
with | He’s been with EnglishClub.com for two years. |
with | I discussed it with her. |
with | With your permission, I’d like to go. |
with | If you mix red with yellow you get orange. |
with | Muriel is the girl with black hair. |
with | Do you want to come with us? |
with | I made this chair with my own hands. |
with | You’ll forget her with time. |
with reference to | With reference to your comments, I’ll reply soon. |
with reference to | I am writing with reference to your order. |
with regard to | I’d like to speak to you with regard to your work. |
within | There is a modem within the computer. |
within | I will finish within 30 minutes. |
within | He lives within 10 miles of his work. |
within | It’s not within my power to help you. |
without | I want trousers without buttons. |
without | I came without my wife because she is working. |
without | He watched without speaking. |
Tavsiye yazı:
Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]
Test&Quiz. Kendinizi test edin
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/prepositions.htm
https://agendaweb.org/grammar/prepositions-intermediate-exercises.html
https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/grammar-exercise-prepositions.php
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/time-prepositions-exercise-1.html
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