İngilizce inversion (devrik cümle) (90 cümle örneği)5 min read

Inversion (devrik cümle) fiili özneden önceye koymak demektir.inversion

Genellikle vurgu veya güç eklemek veya özel bir etki vermek için sözcüklerin normal sırası tersine çevrilir.

Vurgulamak istediğimiz kısım genellikle cümlenin başındadır.

İngilizce cümlelerde özneden önce fiilin ters çevrilmesi yaygın bir olgu olsa da günlük konuşmada kullanılmaz. Daha çok resmi ifadelerde veya yazılı olarak bulunur.

Özel bir etkisi veya vurgusu olmayan bir cümlede, kelimelerin normal sırası korunur.

Example 1 : I have never seen such a beautiful rose.
Example 2 : Never have I seen such a beautiful rose.

Örnekte 2 numaralı ters çevirme, tüm yaşamınız boyunca bu kadar güzel bir gül görmediğiniz gerçeğini vurgulamak için kullanılmıştır.

Devrik cümleyi (inversion) ne zaman kullanabiliriz?

 

Tersine çevirmenin ne zaman kullanılabileceğini hatırlamak bazen zordur. İşte size yardımcı olacak bazı yönergeler ve örnekler.

 

Günlük ingilizcede inversion şunlar için kullanılır :

  • Soru yapmak için: Does he? Can you?
  • ‘so’, ‘neither’, ‘nor’dan sonra : So do I, neither do I, nor do I.

Yazılı İngilizcede ve çok resmi bir tarzda, aşağıdaki durumlarda ters çevirme kullanılabilir.:

Olumsuz zarf ifadelerinden sonra

  • Under no circumstances can we accept credit cards.
  • In no way can he be held responsible.
  • At no time did she say she would come.
  • At no point was the price mentioned.
  • By no means is it easy to overcome shyness.
  • In no way do I agree with your methods.
  • Never before have I witnessed such violence.
  • Never again will I return to that hotel. It was awful!
  • Not for a moment did I think I would get the job!
  • Not since my childhood have I had so much fun!
  • Not until I heard my name did I believe I had won the race.
  • On no account should you allow children to use these scissors.

Zarflı yer ifadelerinden sonra

  • Round the corner came the postman.
  • In the sink sat a stack of dirty dishes.
  • On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.
  • At the main entrance stood a policeman.

‘seldom’, ‘rarely’, ‘never’, ‘little’dan sonra

  • Seldom have I seen such a beautiful view.
  • Rarely did he pay anyone a compliment.
  • Never had I felt so happy.
  • Little did he imagine how dangerous it would be.
  • Never have we witnessed such cruel behaviour by one child to another. (or We have never witnessed …)
  • Seldom does one hear a politician say ‘sorry’. (or One seldom hears …)

After ‘hardly’, ‘scarcely’, ‘barely’, ‘no sooner’, bir şey diğerinden sonra olursa.

  • Hardly had I begun to speak when I was interrupted.
  • Scarcely had we started our meal when the phone rang.
  • Barely had they finished the match when the rain started to fall.
  • No sooner had I arrived than they all started to argue.

‘only’ ve ‘not only’ ile başlayan zarf ifadelerinden sonra

  • Only after the meeting did I realize the importance of the subject.
  • Only when the plane landed safely did he calm down.
  • Only by working long hours could they afford to buy a car.
  • Not only was the food plentiful, it was also delicious.
  • Not only could she sing, she could also play the piano.
  • Not only was the car slow, it was also very uncomfortable.

Koşullu “if” cümleleri ve inversion
Şartlı cümlelerde bazen “if” ile devrik cümleyi değiştirebiliriz.

  • If I had known it would be so difficult I would never have enrolled.
    With inversion: → Had I known it would be so difficult I would never have enrolled.
  • If we had known she was alone we could have called her.
    With inversion: → Had we known she was alone we would have called her.

“here’ ve ‘there’ Ünlem kelimelerinden sonra 

  • Here comes the winner!
  • Here comes the bus!
  • There goes the bell!
  • There goes all our money!

‘so/such’ …’that’ ten sonra: (formal)

  • So + adjective + verb … ‘that’
    – So expensive was the journey that they had to borrow money.
    – So strange were my surroundings that I couldn’t sleep.
    – So exhausted was the hiker that he went straight to bed.
  • ‘Such’ + verb + noun … ‘that’
    – Such was the wind that we couldn’t open the door.
    – Such was their excitement that the children couldn’t stay quiet.
    – Such was her fear that she couldn’t utter a word.

Aktarım fiilleri olan “say” ve “ask” fiillerinden sonra

  • “I love you”said Harry.
  • “How far is it?”asked the passenger.

 

‘so’, ‘neither’, ‘nor’ :  So do I, neither do I, nor do I.

SO 

 

SO, konuşmacı veya başka bir kişi ile ilgili olumlu ifadelerle anlaşmayı göstermek için kullanılır.

 

SO + Auxiliary + Subject (pronoun) :  So do I

 

Hatırlayın:

Yanıttaki Yardımcı, orijinal ifadedeki fiil zamanıyla aynı olmalıdır.

 

Örnekler :

Speaker ASpeaker B
Charlie likes chocolate.So do II like chocolate too.
Emma lives in London.So does Amanda.Amanda lives in London too.
Alex can swim.So can Jenny.Jenny can swim too.
Pedro is good at sports.So is Rafael.Rafael is good at sports too.
Our teachers are very strict.So are ours.Our teachers are very strict too.
Enzo would love to work in Paris.So would I.I would love to work in Paris too.
Alex will be angry.So will II will be angry too.

 

Neither

 

NEITHER olumsuz ifadelerle anlaşma göstermek için kullanılır.

NEITHER anlamında hiçbir değişiklik olmadan NOR ile değiştirilebilir.

 

Neither + Auxiliary + Subject (pronoun) :  Neither do I (Nor do I)

 

Hatırlayın :

Yanıttaki Yardımcı, orijinal ifadedeki fiil zamanıyla aynı olmalıdır.

 

Örnekler

Speaker ASpeaker B
Sam doesn’t want to go out.Neither do I.I don’t want to go out either.
Wendy can’t cook.Neither can I.I can’t cook either.
Jason doesn’t have a ticket.Neither does Tom.Tom doesn’t have a ticket either.
I can’t speak Chinese.Neither can Julie.Julie can’t speak Chinese either.
Peter hasn’t finished yet.Neither has James.James hasn’t finished yet either.
Meg couldn’t come today.Neither could Amy.Amy couldn’t come either.
Dad won’t pay attention.Neither will Mum.Mum won’t pay attention either.

 

Tavsiye yazı: Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]

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