İngilizce modal verb (can, should, would,..) [270 örnek cümle]18 min read

Modal verbler yani modal fiiller, tavsiye, yetenek veya istekler gibi belirli varsayımsal koşulları ifade etmek için fiile yardımcımodal verb olarak kullanılır.

Anlamını biraz değiştirmek için bir ana fiilin yanında kullanılırlar. Yardımcı fiil oldukları için tek başlarına kullanılmaları gerekmez.

Türkçe’de istek ve dilek-şart kiplerine karşılık gelir.

Örneğin

  • I swim every Tuesday. 
  • I can swim every Tuesday. 

Not;

Modal fiiller 3. tekil şahısla kullanılırken sonuna ‘s takısı almazlar

  • (wrong) She musts walk her home everyday.
  • (correct) She must walk her home everyday.

 

Türkçede fiil sonuna ek ekleyerek fiile kip kazandırırız. Fakat ingilizcede fiilden önce modal yardımcı fiili gelir.

Örneğin;

ÖzneModalsVerbFiilEkNot
Youcanwalkyürüyebilirsin(beceri)
Youcouldwalkyürüyebilirdin(geçmiş)
Youwouldwalkyürürdün(şarta bağlı)
Youmaywalkyürüyebilirsin(ihtimal)
Youmightwalkyürüyebilirsin(ihtimal)
Youwillwalkyürüyecek(gelecek)
Weshallwalkyürüyelim(istek kipi)
Youshouldwalkyürümelisin(öneri)
Youmustwalkyürümelisin(zorunluluk)
Youhave towalkyürümelisin(zorunluluk)

10 modal verb örneği açıklaması

  • Can (or cannot/can’t) bir şeyi nasıl yapabileceğini bilmek veya yapabilmek anlamında yetenek gösterir. Gayri resmi durumlarda, bir şey yapmasına izin verilmesi anlamında izni ifade eder. Ayrıca, bir eylemin teorik olarak mümkün olması anlamında olasılığı da gösterir. İstekliliği ifade eder veya sorgular. Son olarak, olumsuz olarak, yetersizlik veya imkansızlığı gösterir.
  • Could (or couldn’t) geçmişte yetenek gösterir ve daha kibar bir biçimde izin veya isteklilik ifade eder veya sorar. Aynı zamanda şimdiki zamanda bir olasılığı veya mevcut bir eyleme bağlı olarak gelecekteki bir olasılığı tanımlar. Son olarak, istekte bulunmak veya öneride bulunmak için kullanılabilir.
  • May resmi durumlarda, bir şey yapmasına izin verilmesi anlamında izni ifade etmek için kullanılır. Aynı zamanda şimdiki ve gelecekteki olasılığı ifade eder.
  • Might resmi durumlarda ve ayrıca bir şey yapmasına izin verilmesi anlamında izni ifade etmek için kullanılır. Aynı zamanda şimdiki, gelecekteki ve geçmişteki olasılıkları ifade eder.
  • Will (or won’t) isteklilik veya ilgi gösterir, niyetini ifade eder ve tahminlerde bulunur. Birine güven vermek veya karar vermesine yardımcı olmak, yarı resmi bir talepte bulunmak, alışılmış bir davranış sergilemek, bir söz veya tehditte bulunmak, gelecekten veya geçmişten kesin olarak bahsetmek için de kullanılır.
  • Would (or wouldn’t) istekliliği sorgular, alışılmış aktiviteyi gösterir, birinin karakteristik davranışı hakkında yorum yapar, varsayımsal bir olasılık hakkında yorum yapar ve olası bir gerçek hakkında yorum yapar. Ayrıca izin istemek, ricada bulunmak ve tercihlerini ifade etmek için de kullanılır. Geçmişten bahsetmek, geçmişte gelecekten bahsetmek veya başka bir eyleme bağlı bir durumdan bahsetmek için kullanılabilir.
  • Shall İngiltere’de ben ve biz için basit şimdiki zamanı oluşturmak ve gelecekte bir vaadi belirtmek için kullanılır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde, kibar bir izin talebi içeren kibar sorular oluşturmak için ve evrensel olarak resmi veya yasal durumlarda kullanılır. Birine yardım teklif etmek, öneride bulunmak veya ne yapılması gerektiğini sormak için de kullanılabilir.
  • Should (or shouldn’t) bir zorunluluk fikrini iletir veya bir öneride bulunur.
  • Ought to olması gerektiği gibi aynı durumlarda, ancak daha güçlü bir yükümlülük veya yoğunluk duygusuyla kullanılır.
  • Must (or mustn’t) bir varsayımda bulunur, ancak bazı kesinliklerle. Aynı zamanda daha saygılı bir şekilde bir emir verir ve should ve should to ile benzer bağlamlarda kullanılır, ancak bir dış yükümlülük duygusuyla. Yasağı olumsuz biçimde de ifade edebilir.

 

Modal verb cümle örnekleri

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
be able to
pastolumluAbility / CapabilityAfter the operation John was able to walk again. (Single past occasion)
presentolumluAbility / CapabilityI’m able to play tennis twice a week. (Circumstances permit me to do this)
futureolumluAbility / CapabilityI will be able to visit Paris next year. (Nothing should prevent me from doing this)

Can

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
can
presentolumluAbility / CapabilityI can swim.
presentolumluPermissionYou can go to the cinema.
presentolumluPossibilitySmoking can cause cancer.
presentolumluOfferCan I help you, madam?
presentolumsuzNegative deduction (present)You can’t be hungry, you have just eaten two pizzas.
presentolumluProhibitionYou can never tell anyone.
presentsoruPermissionCan I use your phone, please?
presentolumluAbilityDavid can speak three languages.
presentsoruPermission (informal)Can I sit in that chair please?
presentsoruOffersCan I carry the luggage for you?
presentsoruRequestCan you help me move next Friday?
presentolumsuzInability or impossibility.[Negative Form: “Cannot” contracted to “can’t”]We can’t fix it.
presentolumluan action is possible under a conditionWe can arrive in time if we leave now.
presentolumluAbilityWe can swim, but we can’t surf – yet!
presentsoruPermission (informal)Mom, can I go over to my friend’s house?
[Note: In formal situations, you should use “may” in this case.]
presentolumluAbilityPercy can hold his breath for two minutes.
presentolumluPossibilitySuch a disease can kill the whole of mankind.
presentolumluAbilityI can run fast.
presentolumsuzCertaintyHe can’t be American. His English is terrible.
presentsoruPermissionCan I go out?
pastolumsuzCertaintyHe can’t have written that poem. He was illiterate.
presentolumsuzAbilityOur class can’t solve the math problem.
presentolumsuzAbilityWe cannot beat the other team.
presentolumsuzAbilityMr. Tracer can’t meet with you until tomorrow.

Could

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
could
pastolumluAbilityI could swim when I was seven.
presentolumluPermissionWe could go to the cinema once a week.
presentolumluPossibilityThis vase could be very valuable.
presentsoruRequestCould I use your phone, please?
presentsoruOfferCould I be of any help?
presentolumluSuggestionYou could buy Mary some flowers.
pastolumsuzNegative deduction (past)It couldn’t have been John because he has an alibi.
pastolumluAbilityWhen I was younger I could run fast.
presentsorupolite permissionExcuse me, could I just say something?
futureolumlupossibilityIt could rain tomorrow!
presentsoruRequestCould I borrow your dictionary?
presentsoruRequestCould you say it again more slowly?
presentolumluAbility in the pastI think we could have another Gulf War.
presentsoruPermissionCould I open the window?
pastolumluAbility in the pastUntil he grew taller than me, I could run faster than my younger brother!
presentolumlupossibilityWe could go out for dinner, or we could just eat leftovers.
presentsorupolite permissionCould I borrow your car next week?
presentolumlupossibility in the future that is dependant upon a present action.If she practiced more, she could sing beautifully.
presentolumlupossibility or probability that something will happen.I could pass this class.
pastolumluAbility in the pastI could swim well as a child
presentsoruRequestCould I borrow your pencil? (Yes, you may.)
pastolumluAbility in the pastI could run fast. now I am old.
pastolumluPermission in the pastShe could drive her father’s car when she was only 15.
pastolumluPossibility for now depends on pastI could have become a big star.

had better

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
had better
presentolumluAdviceYou had better take those wet clothes off.
presentolumluRecommendationYou had better tell me the truth.
presentolumluAdviceYou’d better revise your lessons

have to

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
have to
presentolumsuzLack of necessityYou don’t have to do all the exercises, only the first one.
pastolumluObligationYou had to stop.
pastolumluObligationI had to work hard.
presentolumluObligationYou have to stop when the traffic light is red. (imposed obligation)
presentolumsuzNot necessary and not doneI don’t have to go to work tomorrow.
pastolumsuzNot necessary and not doneI didn’t have to water the flowers yesterday because it rained.
presentolumsuzLack of necessityYou don’t have to take your umbrella.
presentolumluExternal ObligationYou have to take off your shoes before you get into the mosque.

have to/need

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
have to/need
presentolumsuzLack of necessityYou don’t have to / needn’t buy any tomatoes. There are plenty in the fridge.
pastolumsuzLack of necessityYou didn’t have to take your umbrella.
zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
manage to
pastolumluCapable of doing sth with a degree of difficultyI managed to get two tickets for the concert. (A degree of difficulty was involved)
presentolumluCapable of doing sth with a degree of difficultyI manage to play tennis twice a week.
futureolumluCapable of doing sth with a degree of difficultyI hope you will manage to come. (Even though you may encounter difficulty in doing this)

may

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
may
presentolumluPermissionYou may leave the room.
futureolumluPossibilityHe may be waiting for us when we arrive.
presentsoruRequestMay I use your phone, please? (formal request)
presentsoruOfferMay I help you, sir?
pastolumluEstimationJohn may have gone to Spain.
presentsorupermissionMay I use your phone, please?
futureolumlupossibility, probabilityIt may rain tomorrow!
futureolumluPossibilityRichard may be coming to see us tomorrow.
presentsoruAsk for permissionMay I borrow your dictionary?
presentsoruIn formal situations, to express permissionMay I be excused from the table?
presentolumlupossibility or probability that something will happen.Jason may bring chips to the party.
presentolumlupossibility or probability that something will happen.Lola may change her mind.
presentsorupermissionMay I be excused? (No, you may not.)
futureolumlupossibilityHe may go to Delhi tomorrow.
presentsorupermissionMay I go to the washroom?
pastolumlupossibilityJohn may have missed his plane.
pastolumsuzpossibilityWe may not have seen the sign.

 

may/might

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
may/might
futureolumluTo express possibility in the present and future. [Note: In this context, may and might are interchangeable.]Dr. Fox may be your teacher next year.
presentolumluPossibilityIt may / can / could / might rain. It’s cloudy.
presentolumluPossibility in the pastI guess it may / can / could / might have been Lacy on the phone.
presentolumluTo express possibility in the present and future. [Note: In this context, may and might are interchangeable.]Dr. Fox might be your teacher next year.

might

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
might
presentolumluPossibilityJohn might come to your party.
pastolumluEstimationSomeone might have already told his wife.
presentolumsuzSuggestionYou might not want to drink this because it’s very bitter.
presentolumluConditionalIf you invite him he might come.
pastolumluConditionalIf you had invited him he might have come to your party.
presentsorupolite permissionMight I suggest an idea?
futureolumluPossibilityI might go on holiday to Australia next year.
presentolumluPossibilityIt looks nice, but it might be very expensive.
pastolumluThe past form of “may” in reported speechThe President said he might come.
pastolumluPossibility in the past.He might have seen the movie before he read the book.
presentsoruIn formal situations, to express permission. more polite and tentative than may.Might I be excused from the table?
presentolumluPossibilityMy parents might say yes.
presentolumluSuggestionYou might want to wait until tomorrow.
presentolumlupossibilityShe might be sleeping now.
pastolumlupossibilityMy boss might have been a little rude.
pastolumlupossibilityJudith might have gotten lost.
pastolumlupossibilityThis might not have been the best idea.

must

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
must
presentolumluDeductionHe failed the exam. He must be disappointed.
presentolumluObligationJohn must work harder if he wants to pass this exam. (subjective obligation)
presentolumluObligationAll expenses must be approved by the manager.
presentolumsuzProhibitionYou mustn’t use this computer. (emphatic)
presentolumluEmphatic adviceYou must see this film, it’s great.
presentolumluStrong obligationYou must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
presentolumlulogical conclusionHe must be very tired. He’s been working all day long.
presentolumluObligation/necessityI must memorize all of these rules about tenses.
presentolumluDeductionShe lied to the police. She must be the murderer.
presentolumsuzFor prohibition (mustn’t only).They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary.
presentolumluTo make a command in a more respectful way.You must do your homework before watching TV!
presentolumluDeductionIt’s already 9 PM! You must be hungry!
presentolumluNeeds to happenI must learn to drive.
presentolumluNeeds to happenKatie must work harder.
presentolumluNeeds to happenMy sister must feed her dog.
presentolumluSuggestionTim must consider a third option.
presentolumsuzSuggestionYou must not drink and drive.
presentolumsuzProhibitionYou mustn’t smoke here.
presentolumluCertaintyHe has a Rolls Royce. He must be very rich.
pastolumsuzProhibition in the pastYou mustn’t have smoked there.
pastolumluCertainty in the pastHe must have been rich. He had a big house and an expensive car.
presentolumsuzProhibitionYou must not smoke in the hospital.
presentolumsuzProhibitionYou mustn’t smoke in this restaurant. It’s forbidden.

must/have to

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
must/have to
presentolumluObligationYou must / have to stop when the traffic lights are red.

need

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
need
presentsoruNecessityDo you think I need to take an umbrella?
presentolumsuzNecessityYou needn’t water the flowers as John will be back tomorrow. (not necessary)
pastolumsuzLack of necessityI needn’t have watered the flowers because it rained in the afternoon. (done but not necessary)
presentolumsuzlack of necessityI need not buy tomatoes. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge.

ought to

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
ought to
presentolumluDeductionHe has studied very hard he ought to pass the exam.
pastolumluAssumptionHe ought to have received the parcel by now.
presentolumluAdviceYou ought to go to the doctor’s. You ought not smoke so much.
presentolumluRecommendationYou ought to tell him the truth.
pastolumluAdviceYou ought to have come to the meeting. It was interesting.
presentolumluLogical deduction30$ ought to be enough for the taxi.

shall

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
Shall
presentsoruSuggestionShall we invite John or not?
presentolumluDecisionWe shall overcome.
presentsoruAsking what to doWhat shall we do?
presentsoruOfferShall we pick you up at 7.00?
presentsoruOfferShall I call a cab?
presentsoruSuggestionShall I call again on Thursday?
presentsoruSuggestionShall we say 2:30, then?
presentsoruAsking what to doShall I do that or will you?
presentsoruOfferShall I help you with your luggage?
presentolumluIn formal or legal situations.The plaintiff shall be allowed to speak.
futureolumluto indicate a promise in the future.The package shall be delivered on Thursday.
futuresoruto form the simple present for I and we.Shall we meet at 7?
presentsorupolite request for permission.Shall I call you a taxi?
presentsoruadviceI have a toothache. What shall I do?
presentsoruadviceWhat shall we do with this problem?
presentsoruadviceWhat shall I do to get rid of my acne?
presentsoruadviceShall I see a doctor?
presentsoruSuggestionShall we dance?
presentsoruSuggestionShall we meet next Monday?
presentsoruSuggestionShall we dance?
presentsoruSuggestionShall I get his phone number?
presentsoruSuggestionShall I close the door?
presentsoruSuggestionLet’s go to the movies, shall we?
presentsoruOfferShall I help you with your heavy box?
presentsoruOfferShall I make you a cup of coffee?
presentsoruOfferShall I cook something for you?
presentsoruOfferShall I bring cookies with a cup of tea?
presentolumluIn American English shall is mainly used in formal or legal documents:You shall abide by the law.
presentolumluIn American English shall is mainly used in formal or legal documents:There shall be no trespassing on this property.
presentolumluIn American English shall is mainly used in formal or legal documents:Students shall not enter this room.
presentolumlua promise or certainty that something will happen.I shall pass this class.
presentsoruto ask permission or grant permissionShall I take your coat? (Yes, you may.)

should

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
should
presentolumluto indicate that something needs to happen.We should work together.
presentolumluAssumption / deductionThe plane should be landing now.
presentolumluAdviceYou should go to the doctor’s.
presentolumluRecommendationYou should take one of these pills every day.
presentolumluNecessityYou should be wearing a coat, it’s very cold.
presentolumluObligationI should be studying but I’m too tired.
presentolumluPredictionThis should be a very good film.
presentolumluProhibitionYou should never repeat what you’ve just said.
presentolumluAdviceYou should visit your dentist at least twice a year.
presentolumluRecommendationYou really should go to the new museum on Main Street.
presentolumluUncertain predictionI posted the cheque yesterday so it should arrive this week.
presentolumluLogical deductionI’ve revised so I should be ready for the test.
presentolumluSuggestionYou should try this soup!
presentolumluConvey the idea of an obligation.He should come to the meetings on time.
presentolumluto indicate that something needs to happen.The teacher should extend the deadline.
presentolumluSuggestionYou should wear a coat today.
presentolumluSuggestionYou should wake up early in the morning.
presentolumluAdviceYou should see a doctor.
pastolumluNeedThe teacher should have explained the homework better.
pastolumluAdviceYou should have seen a doctor

should/ ought to

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
should/ought to
presentolumluSuggestionI should / ought to see a doctor. I have a terrible headache.
presentolumluadviceYou should / ought to revise your lessons
presentolumluLogical conclusionHe should / ought to be very tired. He’s been working all day long.

will

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
will
futureolumluAssumptionHe will have plenty of time to get to the airport.
futureolumluDeductionHe left home an hour ago. He’ll arrive any minute now.
futureolumluFutureHe will be 27 next month.
futureolumluOfferI’ll do the shopping.
futureolumluPromiseI will marry you.
futureolumluIntentionI will wait for you.
futureolumluPredictionIt will rain in Rome tomorrow.
futureolumluConditionalIf it rains tomorrow I will/won’t go to the cinema.
futureolumluPromiseDon’t worry, I will be here.
futureolumluInstant decisionI will take these books with me.
futuresoruInvitation/OfferWill you give me a chance?
futureolumluCertain predictionJohn Smith will be the next President.
futureolumluexpress intention.I’ll (I will) mow the lawn if you clean the house.
futureolumlumake a prediction.The weather will be hot enough to go to the beach this weekend.
futureolumluhabitual behavior.I’m not surprised you don’t know what to do! You will keep talking in class.
futuresorumake a semi-formal request.Will you open the window, please? It’s very hot in here.
futuresorushow willingness or interest.We’re going to go to the mall. Will you come with us?
futureolumlumaking a promise or a threat.If you don’t finish your dinner off, you’ll go straight to bed!
futureolumlureassure someone or to make a decision.Don’t worry! You’ll settle down quickly, I’m sure.
futureolumlutalking about the future or past with certainty.Don’t bother calling: they’ll have left for their 10 o’clock meeting.
futureolumlupredictionHe is a hardworking student. He’ll pass the exam.
futureolumlupredictionThey say it will rain a lot in the northern part of the country.
futureolumluinstant decisionHang on. I’ll get a pen.
futureolumluinstant decision“I’ve left the door open.” “I’ll close it.”
futureolumluoffersI’ll give you a lift to the airport if you want.
futureolumluoffersWe’ll come and see you next week.
futuresorurequestsWill you lend me your phone, please?
futuresorurequestsWill you carry this bag for me, please?
futureolumlupromisesI’ll help you fix your car.
futureolumlupromisesWe’ll pay you a visit next week.
futureolumlucommandsYou will do what you are told.
futuresorucommandsWill you shut your mouth for a second?
futureolumlua promise or certainty that something will happen.Jason will bring chips to the party.
futureolumlua promise or certainty that something will happen.My parents will say yes.
futureolumlua promise or certainty that something will happen.You will get hurt.
futureolumlua promise or certainty that something will happen.Lola will change her mind.
futureolumluEstimationJohn will be driving all night.
futureolumluKurumsalOur team will be waiting for your reply.
futureolumluConvey an info for futureI will have been working here for 30 years in December.
futureolumluConvey an info for futureClaire will have been playing the harp for seven years when she plays at the recital.
futureolumluConvey an info for futureMy sister’s baby will have arrived by then.
futureolumluConvey an info for futureWe will have finished the project by the time the concert starts.

 

would

zamanolumlu/olumsuz/soruUseExample
would
presentsoruPossibilityWould John come with us?
presentsoruRequestWould you please answer the question?
presentsoruEstimationWhat would I have done without you?
presentsoruPolite questionWould you, please, close the door?
presentsoruOfferWould you like a cup of tea?
pastolumluPast tense ‘will’ (indirect speech)John said he would take me to the cinema.
pastolumluCustomary past actionShe would take the dog for a walk every morning before going to work.
presentsoruInvitationWould you like to come with us?
presentolumluPreferenceI would rather have a cup of coffee.
presentolumluConditionalIf I were you I would leave.
pastolumluConditionalIf I had known you wanted to go to the concert I would have bought you a ticket.
presentsoruAsking for permissionWould you mind if I opened the window?
presentsoruRequestWould you make dinner?
futuresoruMaking arrangementsWould you be available at 6 pm tonight?
presentsoruInvitationWould you like to go out sometimes?
presentsoruPreferencesWould you prefer the window seat or the aisle?
presentsorurequests.Would you pass the salt please?
presentsorupreferences.Would you prefer tea or coffee? I’d like tea please.
presentsorurequest permission.Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me?
presentolumlushow habitual activity .The dog would bark every time the doorbell rang.
presentsoruenquire about willingness.Would you like to come on vacation with us this year?
presentolumlucomment on a likely truth.The doorbell just rang. That would be your mother!
presentolumsuztalk about refusals in the past.She wouldn’t ride the roller coaster, no matter how much we begged her.
presentolumlucomment on a hypothetical possibility.If I trained, I would be able to run a marathon.
presentolumlutalk about habitual behavior in the past.Every Saturday, dad would make us pancakes.
pastolumlutalk about the future in the past, as the past tense of “will”.I knew it would be cold, so I packed sweaters and a coat.
presentolumlucomment on someone’s characteristic behavior (often with a negative connotation).Mrs. Jones gave us so much homework! She would ruin our weekends! (Meaning, it is just like her to do so.)
presentolumluTo express a situation that is dependant upon another actionIf I had a million dollars, I would buy a fancy car.
presentsoruto ask permission or grant permissionWould you mind if I sat here? (No, I wouldn’t.)
pastolumluPast, once possibleWe would have helped you.

 

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