Cümlenin odağını değiştirmek için passive voice kullanırız.
- My bike was stolen.(passive – odak bisiklette)
- Someone stole my bike.(active – odak başkasında)
Genellikle passive voice (edilgen yapıyı) şu zamanlarda kullanırız:
Eylemi yapan kişi/şey önemsiz veya bilinmiyorsa kullanılır.
- Our car was stolen last night.
Eylemi kimin/neyin yaptığı belli olduğunda kullanılır.
- Cameron was sacked last week.
Özellikle bir süreci tarif ederken olgusal bilgileri tarif etmek için kullanılır.
- The lasagna is baked in an oven for 35 minutes at 250 degrees Celsius.
Haberlerde ve talimat vermek için kullanılır.
- Five people were arrested at a nightclub last night.
Fiil çekimini oluşturmak için yalnızca “be” fiilinin biçimi değişir.
- Geçmiş participle aynı kalır. İşte pasifin en yaygın fiil çekimi örnekleri.
Active ve passive voice, Etken ve edilgen fiil çekimi kuralları
| Fiil çekimi | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Present Simple | play/plays | am, is, are + played |
| Present Continuous | am, is, are + playing | am, is, are + being + played |
| Present Perfect | have/has + played | have/has + been + played |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have/has + been + playing | No Passive Voice |
| Past Simple | played | was, were + played |
| Past Continuous | was, were + playing | was, were + being + played |
| Past Perfect | had + played | had + been + played |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had + been + playing | No Passive Voice |
| Future Simple | shall/will + play | shall/will + be + played |
| Future Continuous | shall/will + playing | No Passive Voice |
| Future Perfect | shall/will + have + been | shall/will + have + been+played |
| Future Perfect Continuous | shall/ will + have + been + playing | No Passive Voice |
Cümle örnekleri
| To Be | Past Participle | Tense | |
| Present Simple | The butter | is | kept here. |
| Past Simple | The window | was | broken. |
| Future Simple | The work | will be | done soon. |
| Present Continuous | The bridge | is being | repaired. |
| Past Continuous | The cheese | was being | eaten by mice. |
| Present Perfect | Our work | has been | finished. |
| Past Perfect | The car | hadn’t been | used much. |
| Future Perfect | The house | will have been | built by then. |
| Modal Verb – Can | The shelf | can’t be | reached. |
| Modal Verb – Must | The task | must be | done now. |
| Modal Verb – May | The lesson | may be | finished. |
| Modal Verb | The car | ought to be | repaired. |
Passive voice – Edilgen soru cümleleri
Yardımcı fiillerle kullanımı
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Have you done your work? | Has your work been done by you? |
| Will you write a letter immediately? | Will a letter be written immediately by you? |
| Can you lift this heavy box? | Can this heavy box be lifted by you? |
| Has he informed you about this? | Have you been informed about this by him? |
| Do you see English films? | Are English films seen by you? |
| Did you finish work? | Was the work finished by you? |
| Does she play chess? | Is chess played by her? |
| Is he collecting the stamps? | Are the stamps being collected by him? |
| Will you have finished your work by Saturday. | Will your work have been finished by Saturday by you? |
| Can they arrange a meeting with the commanders? | Can a meeting with the commanders be arranged by them? |
| Could you inform my friend about this immediately? | Could my friend be informed about this immediately by you? |
| Can I interrupt you for an important matter? | Can you be interrupted for an important matter by me? |
Passive voice soru kelimeleriyle kullanımı
Examples:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Who wrote this novel? | By whom was this novel written? |
| Who drove the bikes? | By whom were the bikes driven? |
| Who opened the boxes? | By whom have the boxes been opened? |
| Who taught you English? | By whom was English taught to you? (Direct Object) |
| By whom were you taught English? (Indirect Object) (or) | |
| Who were you taught English by? (Indirect Object) | |
| Who gave her the letter? | By whom was the letter given to her? (Direct Object) |
| By whom was she given a letter? (Indirect Object) (or) | |
| Who was she given a letter by? (Indirect Object) | |
| Who can buy that vehicle? | By whom can that vehicle be bought? |
| Why don’t you call the police? | Why aren’t the police called by you? |
| How do you appreciate her after this work? | How is she appreciated after this work by you? |
| Why did the party suspend four MPs suddenly? | Why were four MPs suddenly suspended by the party? |
| What information have you given him? | What information has he been given by you? |
| How do you solve this difficult problem? | How is this difficult problem solved by you? |
| Why are they interrogating the top stars in Bollywood? | Why are the top stars in Bollywood being interrogated? |
| Why did you explain the problem in such a way? | Why was the problem explained in such a way by you? |
Fiil + edat (verb + preposition)
(Laugh at, listen to, looks after, break into, speak to, put out etc., these prepositions will not change their position.)
Examples:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| She listens to music. | Music is listened to by her. |
| We should not laugh at the poor. | The poor should not be laughed at. |
| They are looking after the office well. | The office is being looked after by them. |
| They broke into the grocery shop. | The grocery shop was broken into by them. |
| Somebody has put out the light. | The light has been put out. |
| The teacher is speaking to her students. | Her students are being spoken to by the teacher. |
‘By’ yerine başka edat kullanımı
| to | known, married, obliged, etc., |
| in | interested, absorbed etc., |
| when | smell, taste, feel etc., |
| at | surprised, shocked, alarmed, disappointed etc., |
| with | pleased, disgusted, impressed satisfied, etc., |
Examples:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| I know the Prime Minister. | The Prime Minister is known to me. |
| This programme may interest everyone. | Everyone may be interested in this programme. |
| The results shocked me. | I was shocked at the results. |
| Sugar tastes sweet. | Sugar is sweet when tasted. |
| Her work has not satisfied me. | I have not been satisfied with her work. |
| Their arrangements will definitely please the Minister. | The Minister will definitely be pleased with their arrangements. |
İki nesneli fiiller
Bazı geçişli fiillerin iki nesnesi olabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda biri doğrudan nesne, diğeri ise dolaylı nesne olarak adlandırılır.
Doğrudan ve dolaylı nesneler nasıl bulunur:
For example:
- She gave me a flower.
- she gave…… what? a flower (Direct Object)
- she gave……. to whom? to me (Indirect Object)
Bu cümle edilgen fiil çekimi ile nasıl yazılır:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| She gave me a flower. | A flower was given to me by her. (Passive Voice with Direct Object) |
| I was given a flower by her. (Passive Voice with Indirect Object) |
İki nesneli örnekler;
| Mr. Reddy taught us English. | English was taught to us by Mr. Reddy. (D.O.) |
| We were taught English by Mr. Reddy. (I.O.) | |
| My father has sent me some money. | Some money has been sent to me by my father. |
| I have been sent some money by my father. | |
| She offered her friend a cup of coffee. | A cup of coffee was offered to me by her. |
| I was offered a cup of coffee by her. |
Emir cümlelerinde fiil çekimi (istekler, tavsiyeler, komutlar)
Examples:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Please, open the door. | You are requested to open the door. |
| Please, help the poor. | You are requested to help the poor. |
| Don’t smoke cigarettes here. | You are ordered not to smoke cigarettes here. |
| Study medicine. | You are advised to study medicine. |
| They have a bill to pay. | They have a bill to be paid. |
| Don’t follow me. | You are ordered not to follow me. (or) |
| Let me be not followed. | |
| Pay the fee. | Let the fee be paid. |
| Finish your work first. | Let your work be finished first. |
| Don’t waste your time. | Let your time be not wasted. |
| Help your students. | Let your students be helped. |
| Kill the snake. | Let the snake be killed. |
| Drive your bike slowly. | Let your bike be driven slowly. |
| Change the voice. | Let the voice be changed. |
| See the picture. | Let the picture be seen. |
Let kullanımı
İzin verme anlamında: Ex. Let me go!
Önerme veya kabul etme anlamında: Ex. Let’s go! or Let’s get started!
Bir dilek anlamında, isteğe bağlı olarak: Ex. Let us help him.
Not
- İlk iki örnekte edilgen yapı mümkün değildir.
- Üçüncü örnekte edilgen yapı mümkündür ancak nadirdir. Bir bildirim cümlesi olarak ele alınabilir. Diğer örneklere göz atın;
Examples:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Let her solve the problem. | Let the problem be solved by her. |
| Let us help him. | Let him be helped by us. |
| Let him drive the bike. | Let the bike be driven by him. |
| Let the children play games. | Let games be played by the children. |
| Let her purchase a new car. | Let a new car be purchased by her. |
| Let them follow the steps. | Let the steps be followed by them. |
‘Let kullanımı’ – Düz cümlelerde
Examples:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| She does not let the kid play this game. | The kid is not let play this game by her. |
| They can let me watch TV. | I can be let watch TV. |
| Why don’t you let me drink coffee? | Why am I not let drink coffee by you? |
| They will not let me do it. | I shall not be let do it by them. |
| My friend is not letting her participate in Bigg Boss 4. | She is not being let participate in Bigg Boss 4 by my friend. |
To- Infinitive (mastar)
Examples:
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| They are to finish their lunch. | Their lunch is to be finished by them. |
| I am to visit my friends. | My friends are to be visited by me. |
| Venkat is to draw the amount from the bank. | The amount is to be drawn from the bank by Venkat. |
| The officials have to take proper steps. | Proper steps have to be taken by the Officials. |
| She has to finish her homework. | Her homework has to be finished. |
Fiil zamanlarına (tense) göre edilgen yapı
Simple Present Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| He writes an essay | An essay is written by him |
| Sheena does the housework | The housework is done by Sheena |
| She cares for the rabbit | The rabbit is being cared for by her |
| Jacob always plays the guitar | The guitar is always played by Jacob |
| He sells book | Books are sold by him |
| Mohan sings a song | A song is sung by Mohan |
| Sita reads a book | A book is read by Sita |
| He writes a letter | A letter is written by him |
| She plays cricket | Cricket is played by her |
| The grocer sells fresh vegetables. | Fresh vegetables are sold by the grocer. |
| He reads a novel. | A novel is read. |
| He does not cook food. | Food is not cooked by him. |
| Does he purchase books? | Are books purchased by him? |
| They grow plants. | Plants are grown by them. |
| She teaches me. | I am taught by her. |
| I write poems. | Poems are written by me. |
| We do not learn English grammar. | English grammar is not learnt by us. |
| People speak English all over the world. | English is spoken all over the world. (by people) |
| I like this song very much. | This song is liked very much by me. |
| I know the Prime Minister. | The Prime Minister is known to me. |
| We do not know the future. | The future is not known to me. |
| We don’t allow them to sell radios here. | They are not allowed to sell radios here. |
| He does not read two newspapers daily. | Two newspapers are not read by him daily. |
Present Continuous Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| They are eating bananas | The bananas are being eaten by them |
| Bob is drawing a diagram | A diagram is being drawn by Bob |
| Samta is playing the piano | A piano is being played by Samta |
| She is waiting for Reema | Reema is being waited for by her |
| My boss is giving many assignments. | Many assignments are being given by my boss. |
| Esha is singing a song. | A song is being sung by Esha. |
| Kritika is not chopping vegetables. | Vegetables are not being chopped by Kritika. |
| Is Ritika buying a table? | Is a table being bought by Ritika? |
| They are serving poor people. | Poor people are being served by them. |
| She is disturbing Dinesh. | Dinesh is being disturbed by her. |
| She is milking the cow. | The cow is being milked by her. |
| The boys are not playing cricket | Cricket is not being played by the boys. |
| We are learning English grammar. | English grammar is being length by us. |
| He is following her. | She is being followed by him. |
| She is driving the car. | The car is being driven by her. |
Present Perfect Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Has he done the work? | Has the work been done by him? |
| Have they left the apartment? | Has the apartment been left by them? |
| He created this masterpiece | This masterpiece is created by him |
| He read the newspaper | The newspaper is being read by him |
| I have made some tea | Tea has been made by me |
| I have taken him out. | He has been taken out by me. |
| Nitesh has challenged her. | She has been challenged by Nitesh. |
| Radhika has not written an article. | An article has not been written by Radhika. |
| Have they left the apartment? | Has apartment been left by them? |
| She has created this masterpiece. | This masterpiece has been created by her. |
| I have read the newspaper. | The newspaper has been read by me. |
| She has seen it several times. | It has been seen by her several times. |
| Leela has not punished her husband. | Her husband has not been punished by Leela. |
| We have not announced the prizes of the recent games. | The prizes of the recent games have not been announced. by us |
| I have not taken the food as I am ill. | As I am ill, the food has not been taken by me. |
| Shivani has really sung a melodious song. | A melodious song has really been sung by Shivani. |
Note- [Bazı istisnalar dışında aşağıdaki fiil zamanları için edilgen yapı oluşturulmaz. , Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Perfect Continuous Tense ve Future Continuous Tense]
Simple Past Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Ria paid the bills | The bills were paid by Ria |
| The teacher called the student | The student was called by the teacher |
| She did not buy the fruits | The fruits were not bought by her |
| He built a large house. | A large house was built by him. |
| She was cooking dinner. | Dinner was being cooked by her. |
| Reema cleaned the floor. | The floor was cleaned by Reema. |
| Aisha bought a bicycle. | A bicycle was bought by Aisha. |
| Naman called my friends. | My friends were called by Naman. |
| I saved him. | He was saved by me. |
| Miraya paid the bills. | The bills were paid by Miraya. |
| He wrote many poems. | Many poems were written by him. |
| I did not understand the voice. | The voice was not understood by me. |
| Ricky broke the remote. | The remote was broken by Ricky. |
| They paid the fee on time. | The fee was paid on time by them. |
| Snehith got the first rank. | The first rank has been got by Snehith. |
| The cat drank all the milk. | All the milk was drunk by the cat. |
| I did not see the film. | The film was not seen by me. |
| Middlemen misused the farmers’ rights. | The farmers’ rights were misused by the middlemen. |
Past Progressive/Continuous Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| They were waiting for him | He was being waited for by them |
| Astha was learning French | French was being learnt by Astha |
| She was playing kabaddi | Kabaddi was being played by her |
| Nitika was painting the wall. | The wall was being painted by Nitika. |
| Manish was repairing the car. | The car was being repaired by Manish. |
| Were you reciting the poem? | Was the poem being recited? |
| She was baking the cake. | The cake was being baked by her. |
| She was watching me. | I was being watched by her. |
| She was practicing karate. | Karate was being practiced by her. |
| My friend was not forcing them to do it. | They were not being forced to do it by my friend. |
Past Perfect Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| She won the match | The match had been won by her |
| I had finished her work | Her work had been finished by me |
| He had missed the last metro | The last metro had been missed by him |
| She had posted the letter. | The letter had been posted by her. |
| Misha had cleaned the floor. | The floor had been cleaned by Misha. |
| Vidhi had not received the parcel. | The parcel had not been received by Vidhi. |
| Vishal had solved the doubt. | The doubt had been solved. |
| Had they caught the thief? | Had the thief been caught by them? |
| I had paid fifty thousand. | Fifty thousand had been paid by me. |
| He had made several mistakes. | Several mistakes had been made by him. |
| Vicky had not composed pop songs in German. | Pop songs in German had not been composed by Vicky. |
Simple Future Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| He will write a letter | A letter will be written by him |
| He will repair her cycle | Her cycle will be repaired by him |
| He shall start the meeting | The meeting will be started by him |
| I will give you a present. | A present will be given to you by me. |
| Kriya will sew the bag. | The bag will be sewed by Kriya. |
| Disha will not arrange the things. | The things will not be arranged by Disha. |
| Will you mop the floor? | Will the floor be mopped by you? |
| They will post the letter. | The letter will be posted. |
| Reena will save money. | Money will be saved by Reena. |
| They will accompany you. | You will be accompanied by them, |
| I shall not ask you that again. | You will not be asked that again by me. |
| My friend will have attended the class. | The class will have been attended by my friend. |
| The teacher will explain the lesson. | The lesson will be explained by the teacher. |
| They will not learn a new language. | A new language will not be learnt by them. |
| He will certainly help me. | I shall certainly be helped by her. |
Future Perfect Tense
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Meena will not have changed the bedsheet | The bed sheet will not have been changed by Meena |
| They will have won the match | The match will have been won by them |
| Reena will have washed the skirt | The skirt will have been washed by Reen |
| The doctor shall have examined ten patients by 10 O’clock. | Ten patients will have been examined by 10 O’clock by the doctor. |
| They will have brought the toy. | The toy will have been brought by them. |
| Nimesh will not have changed the table cover. | The table cover will not have been changed by Nimesh. |
| Will she have written the notes. | Will the notes have been written by her? |
| They will have won the match. | The match will have been won by them. |
| Vijay will have washed a shirt. | A shirt will have been washed by Vijay. |
| He will have saved some amount by next year. | By next year, some amount will have been saved by him. |
| I shall not have studied all the books. | All the books will not have been studied by me. |
Edilgen fiil çekimlerinde modal fiiller (istek ve dilek şart kipi)
(can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, had to, has to, need to, ought to)
| Active Voice (Etken yapı) | Passive Voice (Edilgen yapı) |
| Can | |
| The boys can select any game. | Any game can be selected by the boys. |
| I can ask the principal to help him. | The principal can be asked to help him by me. |
| I can lift the box. | The box can be lifted by me. |
| No one can answer my question. | My question cannot be answered. |
| No one can beat my brother at tennis. | My brother can never be beaten at tennis. |
| The farmers can sell their products anywhere else. | Their products can be sold anywhere else by the farmers. |
| Have to | |
| They have to watch these interesting movies. | These interesting movies have to be watched by them. |
| The doctor has to examine you again. | You have to be examined by the doctor. |
| Could | |
| He could not ask her to join the party. | She could not be asked to join the party by him. |
| Must | |
| We must not take these books away. | These books must not be taken away. (by us) |
| You must visit this place to take care of the people. | This place must be visited to take care of the people by you. |
| You must follow the COVID rules to conduct a meeting. | The COVID rules must be followed to conduct a meeting. (by you) |
| May | |
| He may attend the function tomorrow. | The function may be attended tomorrow by him. |
| Should | |
| One should keep one’s promises. | One’s promises should be kept. (by one) |
| You should not punish the children. | The children should not be punished. |
| You should not blame others for your misfortune. | Others should not be blamed for your misfortune. |
Tavsiye yazı:
Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]
Test&Quiz. Kendinizi test edin
- https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-1.html
- https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/passive-voice/passive-voice-index.htm
- https://agendaweb.org/verbs/passive-voice-exercises.html
- https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/active-passive-voice/
- https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm
- https://www.englishgrammar.org/active-passive-voice-exercise-3/
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