Present perfect continuous tense, geçmişte başlamış ve şu anda devam eden bir eylemden bahsettiğimizde kullanırız.
Örneğin
‘I have been walking down this road all day.”
Genellikle şu durumlar için kullanılır
- geçmişten bu yana bir olayın tekrar ederek geldiğini anlatmak için
- geçmişte bir süre devam edip bitmiş olaylar, eğer deliller gözlemleniyorsa
- geçmişte başlayan ve şimdi devam eden tekrarlanan eylemleri ifade etmek için.
- sonuca değil, eylemin kendisine vurgu yaparak yakın geçmişteki bir eylemi ifade etmek
- geçmişte başlayan ve şu anda tamamlanmamış tek bir devam eden eylemi ifade etmek
- geçmişte başlamış ve hiçbir kesintiye uğramaksızın devam eden bir eylemi anlatmak için
Conjugation/Cümle kurulumu
positive | S + have been-V-ing + O | I have been speaking | He has been speaking |
negative | S + have not been-V-ing + O | I have not been speaking | He has not been speaking |
question | Have + S been-V-ing + O | Have I been speaking? | Has he been speaking? |
Cümle kurulumu örneği/ zamirlere göre
subject | auxiliary verb | auxiliary verb | main verb | |||
positive | I | have | been | waiting | for one hour. | |
You | have | been | talking | too much. | ||
negative | It | has | not | been | raining. | |
We | have | not | been | playing | football. | |
question | Have | you | been | seeing | her? | |
Have | they | been | doing | their homework? |
Contractions/kısaltmalar
long form | contraction | example |
have been | …’ve been | they’ve been |
have not been | …’ve not/… haven’t been | I’ve not/I haven’t been |
has been | …’s been | she’s been |
has not been | …’s not/… hasn’t been | he’s not/he hasn’t been |
Kısa cevaplar/ SHORT ANSWER FORMS
Yes I have | Yes I have not |
Yes you have | Yes you have not |
Yes he has | Yes he has not |
Spelling Rules/Yazım kuralları
Fiil -e ile bitiyorsa -e silinir. Fakat -ee, -oe ve -ye değişmeden kalır.
Example:
- come– coming
- but: agree– agreeing
Son ünsüzden önce kısa vurgulu sesli harf bulunan kelimelerde son ünsüz iki tane olur. Ancak, -w, -x ve -y iki katına çıkmaz
Example:
- sit – sitting
- but: mix– mixing
İngiliz İngilizcesinde bir sesli harften sonra son ünsüz -l her zaman iki tane olur, ancak Amerikan İngilizcesinde değildir.
Example:
- travel– travelling (British)
- traveling (American)
Fiil -ie ile bitiyorsa sonundaki harf -y ile değişir
Example:
- lie– lying
To Note
have’in kısaltılmış biçimi genellikle yalnızca zamirlerden sonra kullanılır.
Example:
- They’ve been repairing cars in the morning.
- (but not: The men’ve been repairing cars in the morning.)
Ancak has’ın kısaltılması, isim zaten -s ile bitmediği sürece, isimlerden sonra da zamirlerden sonra da mümkündür.
Example:
- He’s/Aaron’s not been repairing cars in the morning.
Signal Words
- all day
- for 4 years
- lately
- the whole week
- since 1993
- how long?
Present perfect continuous tense kullanıldığı yerler
Geçmişte başlamış ve hiçbir kesintiye uğramaksızın devam eden bir eylemi anlatmak için
- I have been studying for two hours.
- I’ve been reading.
Geçmişte bir süre devam edip bitmiş olaylar, eğer deliller gözlemleniyorsa
- I have been preparing my term now.
Geçmişten bu yana bir olayın tekrar ederek geldiğini anlatmak için
- It has been raining all day.
- Tuncay has been playing football since he started school.
- We haven’t been selling many umbrellas since the drought started.
“How long, since, for, recently, lately” gibi zaman belirteçleri daha çok bu zamanla kullanılır.
- Jenny’s been helping us recently.
- You have not been smiling as much lately.
- How long have you been learning English?
- My kitten has not been eating much the past couple days.
- I have been reading for 2 hours. (I am still reading now.)
- She has been seeing a physical therapist since her surgery.
- We have not been smoking. (And we are not smoking now.)
- We‘ve been studying since 9 o’clock. (We’re still studying now.)
- How long have you been learning English? (You are still learning now.)
Sonuca değil, eylemin kendisine vurgu yaparak yakın geçmişteki bir eylemi ifade etmek
- Aaron has been changing tyres all morning.
- We have been playing video games all morning.
Geçmişte başlayan ve şu anda tamamlanmamış tek bir devam eden eylemi ifade etmek
- He has been working in this garage for ten years.
- He still works in the garage, therefore the action is incomplete.
- I have been trying to learn French for years.
- The dance team has been practicing for months.
Geçmişte başlayan ve şimdi devam eden tekrarlanan eylemleri ifade etmek için.
- Aaron has been repairingcars since he was sixteen years old.
- I’m tired [now]because I‘ve been running.
- Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
- You don’t understand [now]because you haven’t been listening.
- Shehas been helping me train my dog to fetch.
For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous tense
- I have been studying for three hours.
- I have been watching TV since
- Tara hasn’t been feeling well for two weeks.
- Tara hasn’t been visiting us since
- He has been playing football for a long time.
- He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.
Present perfect continuous tense örnek cümleler
- He has been walking.
- You have been smoking.
- He has not been walking.
- Have you been hearing me?
- She has been singing a song.
- I haven’t been playing tennis.
- Who have they been talking to?
- He has not been yelling at her.
- She has been reading this book.
- I have been working for 3 hours.
- When have you been cooking food?
- It has been snowing all day long.
- I have been waiting for one hour.
- Have the kids crying for two days?
- How long have you been seeing his?
- I have been studying for the exam.
- He has been smoking for ten years.
- I have been reading since morning.
- I have been studying for two hours.
- They’ve been talking all afternoon.
- I have been waiting for 20 minutes.
- Has they been playing since morning?
- He has been singing for an hour now.
- How long have you been sitting here?
- He has been watching TV all evening.
- Dog has been barking for five hours.
- Has they been playing since morning?
- Have you been keeping track of sales?
- How long have you been playing chess?
- Morty has been playing with his ball.
- The child has not been wearing a hat.
- I have not been working since morning.
- I haven’t been anything with my Money.
- We haven’t been sleeping for two days.
- How long has Amy been studying Spanish?
- I’ve been training at the gym recently.
- She has been watching TV for six hours.
- You’ve been sleeping the whole morning.
- I have not been working here since 1993.
- I haven’t been studying maths for weeks.
- It has not been snowing for months here.
- Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?
- The athlet has been running for a tropy.
- Has she been teaching French since 2000?
- He has been teaching English for 2 hours.
- She has been ignoring me for a long time.
- She has not been loving you at that time.
- They have been talking for the last hour.
- They haven’t been living here since 2015.
- Who has been sleeping for fourteen hours?
- Has the baby been crying since he got up?
- Which book has Abraham reading for a while?
- Miguel has been coming late to work lately.
- I have been playing football since morning.
- Has Jack living in England since 16th april?
- The baby hasn’t been crying for three hours.
- He has been living in this house since June.
- The child has been watching TV all afternoon.
- The child has been watching TV all afternoon.
- He has been reading a newspaper for two hours.
- She has been waiting for you since 3 days ago.
- You are out of breath. Have you been fighting?
- Has he been playing computer game since Monday?
- Rick has been trying to invent the new machine.
- Frank has been being late for an exam recently.
- We have been learning English since last winter.
- Your eyes are wet. Have you been cutting onions?
- She has been reading in this college since 2019.
- We have been learning English since last winter.
- Your eyes are wet. Have you been cutting onions?
- I have been trying to learn the English language.
- I have not been talking with you, she was my mom.
- I have been playing paintball since 10th November.
- She haven’t been coming to Office since 12th july.
- He has been traveling around the world for a month.
- We haven’t been listening to music for a long time.
- Have Steve’s children playing at the park for hours?
- He has been working for the same company since 2009.
- They haven’t been studying their books for six days.
- I have been travelling to this country for four days.
- I have not been reading any book until my graduation.
- I have been travelling to this country for four days.
- The dog has been barking incessantly for the past hour.
- I have been going to work every day for the last 2 years.
- They have been saying that no one can exit from this room.
- You look very tired. Have you been working for a long time?
- You look very tired. Have you been working for a long time?
- Jonathan’s mother has been working all day without any break.
- Richard and Jenny have been writing a book together until May.
- They have not been going to the concer. We misunderstood them.
- They have been going on a course to learn English for a long time.
- Children have been playing computer games in the lounge for two hours.
- Emily has not been feeling well for a few days, she thinks that she has COVID.
- John has not been watching TV for a month. He wanted to be in detox but he does not enjoy watching TV anymore.
Tavsiye yazı:
Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]
Test&Quiz. Kendinizi test edin
- https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=ode1mzu1xzh9&q=1
- https://www.grammarwiz.com/present-perfect-continuous-quiz.html
- https://myenglishpath.com/grammar/quizzes/present-perfect-continuous-quiz/
- https://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_presperf_continuous.htm
- https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect-continuous_quiz.htm
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