İngilizce Present Perfect Tense (have play-ed) (305 örnek cümle)15 min read

Present perfect tense, İngilizce’de yaygın olarak kullanılan fiil zamanlarından biridir ve halen devam eden veya zaman içinde değişiklik gösteren eylemler gibi geçmişte gerçekleşmiş ve şimdiki zamanla doğrudan ilişkili bir eylemi göstermek için kullanılır.

Genellikle şu durumlar için kullanılır

• konuşma anına kadar olan veya olmayan eylemler için
• yakın zamanda tamamlanan işlemler (genellikle just işaret kelimesiyle)
• Tamamlanmış bir eyleme anlam katmak için
• Bitmesi beklenen tamamlanmamış bir eylem için
• sinyal kelimelerle ilgili geçmiş deneyimler ever ve never
• geçmişte olmuş ama olmaya devam eden bir şeyi belirtmek için.
• genellikle belirli bir zaman belirteci olmadan, bugünü etkileyen tamamlanmış eylemler

Conjugation/Cümle kurulumu 

Present Perfect Tense Cümle kurulumu örneği/ zamirlere göre

Contractions/kısaltmalar

Örnek cümle

Present Perfect Tense Örnek cümleler (olumlu, olumsuz ve soru cümlesi)

Signal words

just, already, ever ve never yardımcı fiili takip eder

• i’ve just finished this great book.
• I’ve never read it. Can I borrow it?

yet, so far, for, since … kelime öbeğinin sonuna gelir

• I haven’t read that book yet.

Unutmayın: already olumlu cümlelerde kullanılırken yet olumsuz cümleler ve sorularda kullanılır.

• Have you started this book yet?
• Yes, I’ve already finished it. / No, I haven’t started it yet.

Not

Düzenli fiiller “-ed” takısı aldıklarında okunuşları şöyledir:

1. Son sesleri “l, m, n, r, v, y” ile bitenler “-d” sesi, “called / learned”
2. Son sesleri “f, k, ç, p, s, ş” ile bitenler “-t” sesi, “walked/stopped”
3. Son sesleri “d, t” ile bitenler “-ıd” sesi, “wanted/started”
4. Son sesleri “i” ile bitenlerse “-yıd” sesi, “married/carried” verirler.

Present Perfect Tense Zaman belirteçleri

Present Perfect Tense Kullanıldığı Yerler

Present Perfect’i deneyim, değişim, devam eden durum hakkında konuşmak için kullanırız. Geçmişle ve bugünle her zaman bir bağlantı vardır.

nerede yaşadığınızı açıkça söylemek istiyorsanız, normal present perfect zamanı kullanın.

• I’ve lived in Lagos my whole life. 

Bir yerde ne kadar süredir yaşadığınızı vurgulamak istiyorsanız, present perfect continious zamanı kullanın.

• I’ve been living in Lagos my whole life. 

Geçmişte başlamış ama tamamlanmış bir eyleme ne dersiniz? Bunun için past simple kullanabilirsiniz.

• She worked there for five years but was fired last week. 

Geçmişte birden çok kez tamamlanmış, gelecekte tekrarlanması muhtemel aynı eylem dizisi

• I’ve seen the movie six times! [probably will see it again]
• I saw the movie six times! [probably will not see it again]

geçmişten deneyim hakkında konuşmak için. Bir şeyi ne zaman yaptığınız ile ilgilenmiyoruz. Eylem veya durum geçmişte kaldı. Kafamda artık bir anım var. Biz sadece bunu senin yaptığını bilmek istiyoruz:

• I have seen an alien.
• He has lived in Bangkok.
• Have you been there?
• We have never eaten
• My Midwestern friend has never seen the ocean.

genellikle belirli bir zaman belirteci olmadan, bugünü etkileyen tamamlanmış eylemler

• I’ve invited all her friends and family, now I’m waiting for their replies.
• we don’t know when the invites were sent

Şimdiye kadarki zaman: Şimdiye kadarki zamandan, yani geçmişte gerçekleşmiş ancak şimdiyle bağlantılı olaylardan bahsederken present perfect kullanırız. Present Perfect genellikle şimdiye kadar geçen süreyi gösteren zaman ifadeleriyle birlikte kullanılır, örneğin bugün, bu yıl, son altı ayda:

• I haven’t seen her since January 1995.
• Not: I didn’t see her since January 1995.

sinyal kelimelerle ilgili geçmiş deneyimler ever ve never

• She has never had a surprise party before.
• Have you ever had a surprise party?

yakın zamanda tamamlanan işlemler (genellikle just işaret kelimesiyle)

• Ella has just sent a message.
• As a result of regular diet she has lost weight

konuşma anına kadar olan veya olmayan eylemler (already ve yet)

• Has Tony replied yet?
• I have already ordered food and drinks for thirty people.
• Have you eaten dinner yet?
• Has the party started?
• Sadly, he hasn’t finished the race yet.
• Have you finished your homework yet?

şimdiye kadar ne sıklıkta veya kaç kez

• You have reminded her at least seven times.
• I have called you many times

geçmişte başlayan ve bugüne kadar devam eden durumlar (for ve since sinyal sözcükleri ile)

• I haven’t seen him for ages.
• She has wanted a surprise party for years.

Çok yakın zamanda tamamlanmış bir işlem (genellikle just veya now ile birlikte kullanılır)

• I shouldn’t eat anymore because I’ve just brushed my teeth. 
• We’ve finished practice now, so let’s go home. 
• Their plane has just landed.
• I’ve just woken up.
• All the guests have already arrived.

Zamanla bir değişiklik

• My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago. 
• Thanks to the many months of playing, I have become an expert at Wordle. 
• Charlotte has become friends with Wilbur.
• You have come a long way.
• They have gradually advanced their career from cashier to senior manager.
• I have bought a car.
• (Last week I didn’t have a car. Now I have a car.)
• John has broken his leg.
• (Yesterday John had a good leg. Now he has a bad leg.)
• Has the price gone up?
• (Was the price $1.50 yesterday and Is the price $1.70 today?)
• The police have arrested the killer.
• (Yesterday the killer was free. Now he is in prison.)

Bitmesi beklenen tamamlanmamış bir eylem (olumsuzda)

• The jury has not reached a verdict yet. 
• I haven’t finished my paper, but it’s due in an hour!

Tamamlanmış bir eyleme anlam katmak için

• Macbeth has killed the king. 
• I’ve met the love of my life last night! 

geçmişte olmuş ama olmaya devam eden bir şeyi belirtmek için.

• I have waited for two hours. (I started waiting two hours ago and I am still waiting now.)
• They have lived here all their lives. (They started living here a long time ago and still live here now.)

Devam eden durum için. geçmişte başlayan ve şu anda devam eden (ve muhtemelen gelecekte de devam edecek olan) bir durum. Bu bir durum (bir eylem değil). Bu yapıyla genellikle for veya since kullanırız.

• I have worked here since June.
• He has been ill for 2 days.
• How long have you known Tara (for)?
• The professor has taught here for two decades.
• They have played piano since the age of three.

Tamamlanmamış ziyaretler için Gone’u kullanın:

• Where’s Sarah? I haven’t seen her yet.
• She’s just gone to the supermarket, she’ll be back soon.
• Sarah is still at the supermarket or on her way there at the time of speaking

Tamamlanan ziyaretler için been kullanın

• Oh no! Callum has just been to the supermarket, the fridge is already full!
• Callum is no longer at the supermarket at the time of speaking, this visit is complete
• I’ve been to California three times.
• not: I’ve been in California three times.

Been, go fiilinin alternatif geçmiş zaman kipidir, yani to edatını kullanmamız gerekir. Biz sadece be’nin past participle olarak davrandığı zaman in edatını kullanırız.

• I went there three times in the past but I’m not there at the moment of speaking
• I’ve been in California for 6 months.
• I arrived in California 6 months ago and I am still there now

For and Since with Present Perfect tense

Bir zaman dilimi hakkında konuşmak için for kullanırız:

• five minutes, two weeks, six years

Geçmiş zamandaki bir noktadan bahsetmek için since kullanırız:

• 9 o’clock, 1st January, Monday

Örnek cümleler

• I have been here for twenty minutes.
• I have been here since 9 o’clock.
• John hasn’t called for six months.
• John hasn’t called since
• He has worked in New York for a long time.
• He has worked in New York since he left school.

For tüm zaman kipleriyle kullanılabilir. Çünkü genellikle yalnızca perfect zaman kipleriyle kullanılır.

• Adam: You have been on your phone all day, you should take a break from party planning!
• James: I know, but I want everything to be perfect. Lisa has never had a surprise party before.
• Adam: She’s going to be delighted.
• James: Hopefully! I’ve invited all of her friends and family and now I’m waiting for their replies.
• Adam: Has Tony replied yet? I haven’t seen him for ages!
• James: Not yet, but Ella has just sent a message. She doesn’t know if she can come.
• Adam: That’s annoying, you have reminded her at least seven times!
• James: I know, I’m getting worried. I have already ordered food and drinks for thirty people, but so far only ten have said yes!

Present Perfect Tense ile ever kullanımı

Ever = at the time Ever’i sorularda kullanabiliriz ve have fiili ile past participle arasında gider.

Example Sentences;

• Have you ever played basketball?
• Nobody has ever heard of this book.
• This is the first time I have ever eaten Italian pizza.
• Have you ever been to an opera?

Never in Present Perfect Tense

Never = of not ever ın kısaltmasıdır. Olumsuz bir ifade yapmak için never kullanabiliriz ve have fiili ile past participle arasında gidip geliriz.

Example Sentences;

• We should never have done that.
• He has never seen him.
• We have never traveled by train.
• We have never met with her until now.
• I have never been to Spain.

Simple past vs. Present perfect tense karşılaştırması

• I have lost my wallet! (You recently lost your wallet in the past and you really want to find it right now.)
• I lost my wallet. (You lost your wallet in the past but it has no impact on the current time. You either found it or it remained lost forever and you gave up looking for it.)

Geçmişte belirli bir zaman

Geçmişteki belirli bir zamanı (zamanı veya ne kadar süreyi belirttiğimizde) ifade etmek için past simple’ı kullanırız ve genellikle dün, iki hafta önce, geçen yıl, 1995’te gibi geçmiş zaman ifadeleriyle birlikte kullanırız:

• We met in January 1975. We went to America together in 1978.
• Not: We have met in January 1975. We have gone to America together in 1978.

Do not use the present perfect tense with a specific time.

• Incorrect I have gone for a walk on Tuesday.
• Correct I went for a walk on Tuesday.

Present perfect sorular

Gramer yapısı

Çeşitli soru örnekleri inceleyelim

Present Perfect Soruları: mekanlar

• Have you visited an European Countries?
• What foreign countries have you visited?
• How many waterfalls have you ever visited?
• Have you ever been to a Zoo?
• Have you ever visited an asian country?
• Have you ever been to an Island?
• Have you ever been camping in the woods?

Present Perfect Soruları: Çalışma

• How many times have you failed a class?
• Have you ever studied a foreign language?
• Have you ever failed a subject in university?
• Have you ever had problem with math classes?
• Have you ever been late to an important class or presentation?

Present Perfect Soruları: Eğlence

• What games have you played?
• Have you ever attended a concert?
• Have you ever been to a slumber party?
• Have you ever played an unusual sport?
• Have you ever attended a music festival?
• Have you ever played beach soccer or volleyball?
• Have you ever played video games all night long?
• Have you ever been to the movies? When was the last time?
• Have you ever watched Tomorrowland concerts on Youtube?

Present Perfect Soruları: Spor

• Have you ever run a marathon?
• Have you ever gone fishing?
• Have you ever done yoga?
• Have you ever watched MMA fights?
• Have you ever done an extreme sport?
• Have you ever done surfing?
• Have you ever played chess?
• Have you ever played soccer?
• Have you ever gone cycling?
• Have you ever done diving?
• What sport have you played?

Present Perfect Soruları: Çeşitli

• Have you ever smoked pot?
• Have you ever drunk wine?
• Have you ever been drunk?
• Have you ever done anything illegal?
• Have you ever stolen anything?
• Have you ever been arrested?
• Have you ever thrown up inside of a vehicle?

Present Perfect Soruları: How Long

• How long have you lived here?
• How long have you studied here?
• How long have you played for this team?
• How long have you stayed in this cell?

Present Perfect Tense Örnek cümleler

• I have eaten lunch.
• She has already come.
• I have been to London.
• He has broken his leg.
• I have seen that movie.
• You have not gone home.
• They haven’t phoned me.
• Have you seen the lion?
• I have cleaned my room.
• They have bought Laptops
• She has never been here.
• Who have you spoken with?
• Has the post arrived yet?
• It hasn’t drunk the water.
• Have you ever met Michael?
• He has just scored a goal.
• I have ever seen the lake.
• I have never been to Texas.
• They have bought a new car.
• There has been an accident.
• Why has she said like that?
• Alexis has run three miles.
• She has gone to the library.
• where have I left my wallet?
• Have you read this book yet?
• Have you done your homework?
• She has written four letters.
• I haven’t seen Mary recently.
• I’ve worked here since April.
• Have you ever been to Mexico?
• I have been to China 4 times.
• The baby has broken the glass.
• I haven’t bought the book yet.
• They have bought the notebook.
• They’ve not played basketball.
• Scientists have split the atom.
• He has entered in a restaurant.
• ce they were at primary school.
• I have been to Madrid recently.
• I have seen that movie already.
• Scientists have split the atom.
• He has never eaten these pizzas.
• Have you ever stayed in a hotel?
• My dogs have not eaten anything.
• Have you ever played basketball?
• We’ve already had our breakfast.
• I have made you a cup of coffee.
• Have you just finished homework?
• She has learned to speak French.
• She has learned to speak Spanish.
• We have asked too many questions.
• She hasn’t slept since yesterday.
• I’ve known Mark for 7 or 8 years.
• I have already ironed the shirts.
• My baby has slept since all night.
• People have not traveled to Venus.
• They haven’t lived here for years.
• The hens have laid plenty of eggs.
• I have put the money on the table.
• My son has been sick since Monday.
• I have never seen a famous person.
• I have already written the report.
• Have you been to this place before?
• My brother has driven a car before.
• People have not travelled to Venus.
• I have studied at home for one hour.
• I have answered 20 questions so far.
• The banana has not turned brown yet.
• How long have you lived in this city?
• My mother has just finished the cake.
• My mother has just cleaned the house.
• I’ve worked here since I left school.
• My sister has already made a big cake.
• Sansa and Cersei have known each other
• The class has been outside for recess.
• Samuel hasn’t called for eight months.
• I have known Michael since high school.
• Alex has studied two foreign languages.
• We haven’t gone to watch the new movie.
• My brothers haven’t ever gone to Spain.
• Nobody has ever said that to me before.
• George has never traveled with a train.
• I’ve visited four of our clients today.
• Alex has studied two foreign languages.
• They haven’t gone to the shopping center.
• She has watched this movie several times.
• Has your brother finished decorating yet?
• The army has attacked that city two times.
• I have worked as a engineer for two years.
• I have never seen such an expensive house.
• The army has attacked that city two times.
• My sister has lost the key to the bathroom.
• My sister has lost the key to the bathroom.
• You have listened to Madonna in the concert.
• We have never tried to invent something new.
• Doctors have found a cure for many diseases.
• Have you finished reading the newspaper yet?
• You have listened to Madonna in the concert.
• You have grown since the last time I saw you.
• Have they played the piano? No, they haven’t.
• They have had many cars since I can remember.
• My father has worked in Austin for a long time.
• They have stayed in the pool since at 9 o’clock.
• They have earned a lot of money thanks to our job.
• We haven’t received any mail since we were retired.
• Football teams have scored a lot of goals this season.
• Tom isn’t at school. I think he has gone to the theater.
• I have had five quizzes and six tests so far this holiday.
• Her behavior and attitudes have changed a lot since you last saw her.
• Sansa and Cersei have known each other since they were at primary school.

Tavsiye yazı: 

Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]

Test&Quiz. Kendinizi test edin

• https://www.grammarwiz.com/present-perfect-quiz.html
• https://www.englishtestsonline.com/tag/present-perfect-tense/
• https://games4esl.com/english-exercises/english-grammar-exercises/present-perfect-exercises-1/
• https://games4esl.com/english-exercises/english-grammar-exercises/present-perfect-exercises-2/
• https://games4esl.com/english-exercises/english-grammar-exercises/present-perfect-exercises-3/
• https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/present-perfect-quiz
• https://english-the-easy-way.com/Present_Tense/Present_Perfect_Tense_Quiz.html
• https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=mtmyotk3mg2xg1&q=1
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/present-perfect/
• https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect_quiz.htm