İngilizce sıfat ve zarf farkı ve örnekler (Adjectives-Adverb) (68 cümle örneği)5 min read

Bu makalede sıfat ve zarf farkını okuyacaksınız.

İsimleri ve zamirleri tanımlamak için sıfatları kullanırız.

Sıfatlar isimlerden önce veya fiilleri bağladıktan sonra gelebilir.

İsimden önce

Kosaç fiilinden sonra (linking verb)

Sıfat ve zarflar

Zarflar/Adverbs

Zarflar fiilleri, sıfatları veya diğer zarfları tanımlamak için kullanılır. Genellikle (ancak her zaman değil) sıfata ‘ly’ eklenerek yapılırlar.

• I walked slowly (‘slowly’ tells us about the verb ‘walk’).
• They worked quickly.

Regular forms

Normalde, bir sıfata ‘ly’ ekleyerek bir zarf yaparız.

• Careful (sıfat): He is always careful.
• Carefully (zarf): She put the glasses down carefully.

• Quiet (sıfat): This is a quiet room.
• Quietly (zarf): She spoke quietly.

• Bad (sıfat): This coffee is bad!
• Badly (zarf): He sings badly!

Bad or Badly

Bad bağlantı fiilleri olan feel, seem, be, look, ile kullanılır.

• Incorrect: I feel badly that he is not taking part in the game.
• Correct: I feel bad that he is not taking part in the game.

Badly aksiyon fiilini modifiye edecek bir zarftır.

• Incorrect: Sometimes Hollywood romance ends bad.
• Correct: Sometimes Hollywood romance ends badly.

Calm or Calmly

Calm (sıfat)

• Incorrect:   She appeared calmly after the accident.
• Correct:   She appeared calm after the accident.

Calmly (zarf)

• Incorrect:   She tried to be brave and take the bad news calm.
• Correct:   She tried to be brave and take the bad news calmly.

Easy or Easily

Easy (sıfat)

• Incorrect:   The assignment looked easily.
• Correct:   The assignment looked easy.

Easily (zarf)

• Incorrect:   The players were moving easy around the field.
• Correct:   The players were moving easily around the field.

Real or Really

Real (sıfat)

• Incorrect:   Students took a really midterm last week.
• Correct:   Students took a real midterm last week.

Really (zarf)

• Incorrect:   Students did real well on the midterm.
• Correct:   Students did really well on the midterm.

Slow or Slowly

Slow hem sıfat hem zarf olarak kullanılabilir. İlk örnekte, slow bir zarftır ve ikincisinde sıfattır.

• Zarf:   The traffic is moving slow.
• Sıfat: This is a slow dance.

Slowly sadece zarf olarak kullanılabilir.

• Incorrect:   He has been slow recovering from his knee injury.
• Correct:   He has been slowly recovering from his knee injury.

Irregular forms

Eğer sıfat ‘y’ ile biterse, ‘y’yi ‘i’ye çeviririz ve ‘ly’ ekleriz. Eğer ‘le’ ile biterse ‘e’yi düşürürüz ve ‘y’ ekleriz.

• Happy (adjective): She looks very happy.
• Happily (adverb): He sang happily.

• Gentle (adjective): It’s a gentle cat.
• Gently (adverb): He stroked the cat gently.

Bazı sıfatlar ‘ly’ ile biter ve zarf formu yoktur. Onun yerine ‘in a —way’ kullanırız.

Örnekler;

friendly, lovely, lonely, lively, and silly.

• He talked to me in a friendly way.

Zarfların sonunun -ly ile bitmesi yaygındır. Ama hepsi aynı değildir. Bazı sıfatlar sonu -ly ile biter.

Örneğin;

• brotherly, lonely, friendly, likely, costly, lovely, holy

Sonu -ly ile biten sıfat ve zarfları nasıl belirleyeceğiz.

Sıfat olarak -ly:

• He is a friendly classmate
• He is not single.  But he feels lonely.
• This is an ugly painting my brother has ever painted.
• The festivals are holy days for all religious people.

Sonu -ly ile biten sıfatlar listesi

Adjective = Adverb aynı yazılanlar

• Fast (adjective): That’s a fast car.
• Fast (adverb): She walks fast.

• Early (adjective): She was early for the meeting.
• Early (adverb): He arrived early.

• Late (adjective): He is always late!
• Late (adverb): He got up late this morning (‘lately’ is also an adverb but means ‘recently’).

• Hard (adjective): Maths is hard!
• Hard (adverb): She tried hard (‘hardly’ is also an adverb, but means ‘almost none’; see below).

Düzensiz değişimler

Good or Well

Good sıfattır

• Incorrect:   It felt well to score an A on the final.
• Correct:   It felt good to score an A on the final.
• Correct: It is a good book.
• Correct: This meal is good!
• Correct: He can speak good German.

Well, sıfat olarak kullanıldığında sağlıklı zarf olarak kullanıldığında ustaca anlamına gelir.

• Correct:   My grandmother looks well even now in her eighties.
• Incorrect:   My friend plays the piano good.
• Correct:   My friend plays the piano well. (expertly)

Hem adjective and adverb olanlar

Hard / hardly

‘Hard’ hem sıfat hem zarftır

• The table is hard (= adjective, meaning ‘not soft’ or ‘difficult’).
• She works hard (= adverb, meaning ‘with a lot of effort’).

‘Hardly’ hem zarftır hem de ‘almost nothing’ veya ‘almost none’ anlamındadır.

• She hardly works (= she does almost no work).
• I have hardly any money (= I have almost no money).

Late / lately

‘Late’ hem sıfat hem zarftır. Lately zarfı ise ‘recently’ anlamındadır.

• I’m late (= adjective, meaning ‘not on time’).
• He came late (= adverb, meaning ‘not on time’).
• I’ve been working a lot lately (= an adverb meaning ‘recently’).

Tavsiye yazı: Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]

Test&Quiz. Kendinizi test edin

• https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/adjective_adverb/adjective_adverb_index.htm
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/adjektiv_adverb.htm
• https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/exercises
• https://www.englishgrammar.org/adjectives-and-adverbs-exercise/
• https://agendaweb.org/grammar/adverb-adjective-exercises.html
• https://www.grammarbank.com/adjective-adverb-worksheet.html
• https://www.grammarbank.com/adjective-or-adverb.html
• https://www.grammarbank.com/adjectives-adverbs-exercises.html
• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/adverbs-or-adjectives-exercise-1.html