İngilizce Kelime Azaltarak Konuşma Kılavuzu (Ellipsis) [You ready? Coming tonight? Something to eat?] (72 örnek cümle)6 min read

Angry with me?

Want more?

Got milk?

• “angry with me?” nin asıl halinin
• “are you angry with me?” olduğunu biliyor muydunuz?

Filmlerde çok duymuşuzdur kısa kısa cümlelerle konuştuklarını.

O kısa cümlecikler, aslında günlük konuşmada kolaylık sağlasın diye düzgün gramerli cümleden bazı kelimeler azaltılarak oluşuyor.

Bu kısaltma veya kelime eksiltme işlemine ellipsis deniyor.

Ana dili İngilizce olan kişiler, anlamını bilmeden veya tam olarak anlamadan ellipsis kullanabilirler.

Ellipsis ne demek?

Elipsis, bir cümlenin bize küçük bir söz haline gelmesi için bazı kelimelerin eksiltilmesidir.

Bir madde veya cümleden bir öğeyi veya öğeleri çıkarma veya silme sürecini ifade eder. Ellipsis ayrıca, kelimelerin gereksiz tekrarını dışarıda bırakmamızı sağlayan dilin ekonomisti olarak da tanımlanmıştır.

Ellipsis Türleri

Epeyce eksiltme türü vardır, ancak üç tür ele alalım; bunlar

• Dilbilimsel Bağlam Ellipsis,
• Sosyal Bağlam Ellipsis ve
• Durumsal Ellipsis’tir.

Şimdi bu üç türü görelim…

Linguistic Context Ellipsis

Bu genellikle resmi İngilizcede gerçekleşir ve eksiltili cümlede atlanan kelimeler genellikle tam cümlede iki kez geçen kelimelerdir. Bazı örnekler görelim:

• The Vice Chancellor has promised not to expel the errant students, so we are sure he won’t. (‘expel the errant students’ is deleted)
• The Mobile Communication Network has threatened to block all unregistered mobile lines and from all indications, they will. (‘block all unregistered mobile lines’ has been deleted)
• We have come this far to recover the personal effects of Mr. Johnson and we must make sure we do. (‘recover the personal effects of Mr. Johnson’ is deleted)
• He plans to run for the second term in office and as things are, he will. (‘run for the second term in office’ is deleted)
• Parents should not allow their children to succumb to peer pressure; good parents will ensure they never allow their children to. (‘succumb to peer pressure’ is deleted)
• I believe that the president can, and will, win the next election. (Elliptical sentence)
• I believe that this party can win the next election and will win the next election. (Full sentence with duplication)
• He was, and remains, the greatest singer of all times. (Elliptical sentence)
• He was the greatest singer of all times, and remains the greatest singer of all times. (Full sentence with duplication)

Social Context Ellipsis

Bu, örneğin konuşmacının rahatlığı gibi sosyal bağlama bağlı olan eksiltidir. Aşinalığa dayalı bazı örnekler verelim:

• Angry with me? (The speaker deletes “Are you” – Are you angry with me?)
• Coming tonight? (The speaker deletes “Are you” – Are you coming tonight?)
• Got something to eat? (The speaker deletes “Have you” – Have you got something to eat?)
• Got some cash to spare? (The speaker deletes “Have you” – Have you got some cash to spare?)
• Have anything doing tonight? (The speaker deletes “Do you” – Do you have anything doing tonight?)
• Care for some? (The speaker deletes “Do you” – Do you care for some?)
• Mind tagging along? (The speaker deletes “Would you/Do you” – Would you mind tagging along?)

Situational Ellipsis

Çeşitleri aşağıdadır.

Subject pronouns

Birinden veya bir şeyden bahsetmek zorunda olmadığımızda, o andaki durumdan aşikar olduğu için, durumsal ellipsis kullanırız. Durumsal ellipsis genellikle, özellikle bir cümlenin başında konu zamirini kullanmamız gerekmediği anlamına gelir. Bu oldukça gayri resmidir:

• Wonder where Daisy is these days?
• Great! [I] Hope you had a trip?

Kimden veya neyden bahsettiğimiz açıksa, resmi olmayan bir konuşmada bir cümlenin başında üçüncü şahıs zamirini (o, o, o, onlar) atlayabiliriz:

• I saw John in town. (He) Said he’s relocating to the States next year.
• Really?
• Yes, sure. (He) Met an American lady and got engaged to her after only a couple of weeks, apparently.
• There’s something wrong with the car. (It) Started making a funny noise on the way home.

Subjects and Auxiliary Verbs

Gayri resmi konuşmada, anlamın açık olduğu bir cümlenin başında hem ben ya da sen gibi bir özne zamirini hem de ona eşlik eden bir yardımcı fiili atlayabiliriz. Bu, sorularda en yaygın olanıdır. Şu örnekleri göz önünde bulundurun:

• (Have you) Finished with the novel?
• (I’ve) Lost my slippers again. Have you seen them?
• (Do you) Want some biscuits?
• Is there any?
• (I’ve) Just bought some.

Auxiliary Verbs

Resmi olmayan konuşmalarda, ikinci şahıs zamiri “you” ile ilgili sorularda, yalnızca yardımcı fiili atlayabiliriz:

• (Have) You finished your assignment yet?
• (Are) You going to the stadium on Saturday?

Aynısını, üçüncü şahıs isim konularıyla ilgili sorularda gayri resmi konuşmalarda da yapabiliriz:

• (Is) Janet coming tonight?
• (Has) Clara bought a new bag yet? She said she was going to.

Bunu normalde birinci şahıs zamiri “I” ile yapmayız:

• Am I making too much noise?
• Not: I making too much noise?

Questions with Question Tags

Gayri resmi konuşmadaki sorularda, bir soru etiketi kullandığımızda bir özne zamirini veya bir özne zamirini ve beraberindeki bir yardımcı fiili atlayabiliriz. Bazı örneklere bakın:

• (He) Gave up smoking, did he? I thought he would.
• (You) Wrote to the principal, did you? Good idea.
• He was asked to vacate the house.
• (He) Didn’t like it, did he?
• He wasn’t at all happy.
• Nicky and Catherine surely had a long break from work.
• (They) Went away for a month, didn’t they?
• French, are you? = You aren’t French, are you?
• Leaving so soon are you?= You aren’t leaving so soon, are you?
• Having a hard time, are you? = You’re not having a hard time, are you?
• Arrived late, have they? = They haven’t arrived late, have they?
• See the contract, could you?= You couldn’t see the contract, could you?

Articles

Gayri resmi sohbette, bağlamdan açıkça anlaşılan ve onları bir cümlenin başında kullandığımızda bazen (a/an, the) makalelerini atlayabiliriz:

• (The) Cat wants to go out. Can you open the door for it?
• What are you looking for?
• (A) Pencil. Can you see one anywhere?
• (The) Postman has just been here. There’s a parcel for you.

Fixed Expressions

Resmi olmayan bir sohbette sabit bir ifadenin ilk kelimesini genellikle atlarız çünkü dinleyicinin ifadeyi anlayacağını biliriz:

• I’d love to go with you. (The) Trouble is, I’ve got to work on Saturday this week.
• I can’t read that. I’m (as) blind as a bat without my glasses.

Minor Sentences

• Trump off to London. (President Trump is off to London)
• No plans to sell the building. (There are no plans to sell the building)
• United Bank for Africa… Africa’s Global Bank. (United Bank for Africa towers high as Africa’s Global Bank)
• Skye Bank…Expanding your world. (At Skye Bank, it is all about expanding your world)
• Unity Bank…succeeding together. (Succeeding together with you is our goal in Unity Bank.
• Access Bank…A Passion for excellence. (Access Bank exemplifies A Passion for excellence)

Imperative Sentences (Emir cümleleri)

• Give me some food. (Jane, give me some food)
• Answer two questions. (The examiner requires you to answer two questions)
• Come back soon please. (Honey, come back soon please)
• Step forward please. (Mr. Tom, step forward please)
• Get this over with. (Sir, get this over with)

Ellipsis anlam açık olduğunda isim tamlamalarında kullanılabilir.

• Would you like some? = Would you like some chips (or whatever is being offered).
• We’re staying at the Hilton. = We’re staying at the Hilton hotel.
• I studied at Oxford. = I studied at Oxford University.
• Are you going to Jason’s? = Are you going to Jason’s house?
• She studied at Harvard. = She studied at Harvard University.

Ellipsis but, and,or gibi bağlaçlarla çoğunukla kullanılır

• Your plate and his plate are ready. = Your plate is ready and his plate is ready. (Do you see the redundancy? That’s why ellipsis is so important).
• A mouse and keypad. = A mouse and a keypad.
• He can read, but can’t write. = he can read, but he can’t write.
• These friends and colleagues of yours. = These friends and those colleagues of yours.
• Did you mean the English or the Germans? = Did you mean the English people or the German people? (‘people’ is completely redundant).

Tavsiye yazı:

Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]

Test&Quiz. Kendinizi test edin

• https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=apostropheellipsis-quiz&q=1
• https://merithub.com/quiz/dashes-hyphens-and-ellipses-ca15i09nuvt4ljon5l5g
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/ellipsis-and-substitution/2/