İngilizce Cümle öğeleri (Parts of Speech) (10 cümle örneği) |

İngilizce parts of speech, cümle öğeleri, konuşmanın bölümleri veya kelime sınıfları adı verilen 9 temel türe ayırabiliriz.

İsim, fiil, sıfat, zarf, edat, zamir, belirteç, ünlem, bağlaç

Konuşmanın bölümlerini yani cümle öğelerini tanımak gramer öğrenirken oldukça önemlidir. Cümle öğelerini anlamak cümlenin nasıl kurulduğunu anlamanıza yardımcı olur.

Bu, cümleleri analiz etmenize ve anlamanıza yardımcı olur. Aynı zamanda iyi cümleler kurmanıza da yardımcı olur.

İçerik gizle

1 Cümle öğeleri (parts of speech)

1.1 Cümle öğeleri özet (Parts of speech)

2 Bu yazılar da ilgini çekebilir;

3 Participle clauses (cümlecik) nedir? (38 cümle örneği)

4 İngilizce have ve have got'ın 10 kullanımı

5 İngilizceden Türkçeye çeviri yapma yöntemleri (5 temel bilgi)

6 İngilizce: Dil bileşenleri. İngilizcenin yapısını oluşturan 5 Dil Bileşeni

Cümle öğeleri (parts of speech)

part of speech	function	example	example sentences	Türkçesi
Verb	action or state	(to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must	EnglishClub is a web site. I like EnglishClub.	Fiil
Noun	thing or person	pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John	This is my dog. He lives in my house. We live in London.	İsim
Adjective	describes a noun	good, big, red, well, interesting	My dogs are big. I like big dogs.	Sıfat
Determiner	limits or “determines” a noun	a/an, the, 2, some, many	I have two dogs and some rabbits.	Belirteç
Adverb	describes a verb, adjective or adverb	quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really	My dog eats quickly. When he is very hungry, he eats really quickly.	Zarf
Pronoun	replaces a noun	I, you, he, she, some	Tara is Indian. She is beautiful.	Zamir
Preposition	links a noun to another word	to, at, after, on, but	We went to school on Monday.	Edat
Conjunction	joins clauses or sentences or words	and, but, when	I like dogs and I like cats. I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don’t like cats.	Bağlaç
Interjection	short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence	oh!, ouch!, hi!, well	Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don’t know.	Ünlem

Kelime sınıflarının kulanım örneklerini en kapsamlı cümleden en basit cümleye giden aşağıdaki listede daha net görebilirsiniz.

Ünlem	Zamir	bağlaç	belirteçler	sıfat	isim	fiil	edat	isim	zarf
interjection	pron.	conj.	determiners	adjective	noun	verb	prep.	noun	adverb
Well,	she	and	my	young	John	walk	to	school	slowly.

pron.	verb	adj.	noun	conjunction	pron.	verb	pron.
She	likes	big	snakes	but	I	hate	them.

pronoun	verb	preposition	determiner	noun	adverb
She	ran	to	the	station	quickly.

noun	verb	adjective	noun
Tara	speaks	good	English.

noun	verb	noun	adverb
Tara	speaks	English	well.

pronoun	verb	noun
She	loves	animals.

noun	verb	verb
John	is	working.

noun	verb
John	works.

verb
Stop!

Kullanım sıklığına göre kelime sınıflarını sırayla öğreneceğiz

En sık kullanılan cümle parçaları verb, noun, adjective, adverb tür

ikinci aşamada pronoun, preposition ve conjunction öğreneceğiz

En son interjections ve determiners öğreneceğiz

Cümle öğeleri özet (Parts of speech)

1	2	3	4	5
verb	noun	adjective	adverb	Pronoun
regular	proper noun	order	forming-ly	possesive pronoun-mine, yours..
irregular	common noun	comparison	types-manner, degree	reciprocal pronoun-each other, one another..
imperatives	singular noun	superlative	order	reflexive pronoun-myself, himself..
tenses	plural noun	Possessive Adjectives		negative pronoun-noone, nobody, neither, none..
modals	countable noun	Interrogative Adjectives		interrogative pronouns- what, who, which..
passive voice	uncountable noun	Demonstrative Adjectives		subject personal pronoun-I, you, he,she,it..
phrasal verbs	collective nouns	Compound Adjectives		object personal pronoun-me, you, him..
gerund-infinitives				relative clause – who, whose, which, that, etc..
				demonstrative pronoun – this, that, these, those
				indefinite Pronoun – anyone, somebody, one, all, etc
6	7	8	9
prepositions	conjunction	Interjections	determiners
time	coordinating	hooray!	article	definite article-the
place	subordinating			indefinite article-a(n)
direction	correlative		numeral	cardinal numbers-one,two,..
location				ordinal numbers – first, second..
spatial relationship			possesive determiner	my, your, his…
phrases			Demonstrative determiner	this, those, that..
complex prepo			quantifier	some, much, many, few, little, a lot, half, three, enough etc
			Pre-determiners	such, what, rather, quite
			Distributive determiners	each, every, all, half, both, either, neither

Cümle öğelerinin CEFR seviyelerine göre ayrılmış cümle öğeleri şu şekildedir

	108 başlık	9 başlık	11 başlık	10 başlık	15 başlık	11 başlık	22 başlık	1 başlık	10 başlık
CEFR	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
A1	verb	noun	adjective	adverb	Pronoun	prepositions	conjunction	Interjections	determiners
	Present continuous (I am going to school)	Plural regular (Pencil -> Pencils)	Sıfat çeşitleri-common and demonstrative	Adverbs of frequency (Sıklık zarfları) (always, usually, often, sometimes, never) (Nick usually washes the dishes.)	Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns (Myself, Ourselves, Yourself, Yourselves, Himself, Herself, Itself, Themselves)	Preposition-in-on-at (Pencil is on the table)	Coordinating conjunctions (Koordinasyon bağlaçları) (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)	Interjections	Articles (a, the) (a book, an apple, the book, the apple)
	Past simple Regular (I fixed, I walked)	Plural irregular (Foot -> Feet)	Sıfat karşılastırma (cheaper, more expensive etc.)	Adverbs of Definite Frequency (Belirli sıklık zarfları) (The manager checks the toilets every hour.)	Pronouns (Zamir) nedir?	Edat çeşitleri (Direction, time, place, spatial relationship)			Quantifier nedir?
	Düzensiz fiiller (irregular) (I go – > I went / be->was)	Possessive (‘s)/ of (book’s name / name of book)	“than” kullanımı (better than)	Adverbs of Indefinite Frequency (Belirsiz sıklık zarfları) (I often surf the internet.)	Personal Pronouns ( I, We, You, He, She, It, They )	At/on/in (time) (in 1996, in the evening)			every, each,all, most
	İngilizce Copular verbs (kopula fiili)	A friend of mine My own house On my own / by myself	Superlatives (the longest, the most enjoyable etc.)	Adverbs of degree – very / really / too (Derece zarfı) (She is a perfectly happy girl.)	Objective Pronouns (Me, Us, You, Him, Her, It, Them)	On ve in farkı (On time and in time / At the end and in the end)			no-any-none-some
	Uncontractible copula (used as main verb) (He is doctor, We are managers), Contractible copula (He’s doctor, We’re managers) contractions-ain’t, isn’t (He isn’t doctor, We aren’t managers)	Countable and uncountable (one banana, some milk)			İyelik zamirleri / Possessive Pronouns (My, Our, Your, His, Her, Its, Their / Pronouns: Mine, Ours, Yours, His, Hers, Its, Theirs)	In/at/on (position) (at school, in classroom, on the table)
	İngilizce kısaltmalar abbrev.	İsmi çoğul yapma kuralları (Table -> tables , milk-> milk)			Demonstrative Pronouns/ İşaret zamirleri (This, That, These, Those, Such)	Prepositions of Place (Yer edatları) (in, on, at, over, above, under, below, by, next to, near, between, among, opposite)
	Simple present tense	Özel isim kuralları (January, Monday, the Alps)			Impersonal Pronoun (It, there)
	Third person regular (-s) (He looks)	İsimlerde cinsiyet (actor -> actress, prince-> princess)			Dummy subject/ Sorular (There … and it …)
	Third person irregular (He haves -> He has)	İsimlerde grup isimleri-collective (herd of oxen, rope of onions)			There is…/ There are…
	Subject-Verb Agreement (He is talking, We are talking)
	Simple Present & Present Progressive (I go to school & I am going to school)
	Past continuous (I was walking)
	İngilizce stative / action verbs
	Present tenses for the future (i am doing / I do)
	Future tense (I’m going to do)
	Will/shall (You will, I shall)
	I will and I’m going to
	was going to (Future in the past)
	Modal verb nedir?
	Can, could and (be) able to
	would like/want
	Fiilimsi ve mastarlar (verb + ing , to + verb)
	To-infinitives as adverbs & adjectives (to walk is good for health)
	İngilizce catenative verbs (ardışık fiiller)
	Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / stop doing)
	Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to go back)
	Verb + to … (want to play / decided to buy)
	Basit emir kipi – ikinci kişi (Shut up !)
	İngilizce soru cümleleri
	Yes/No questions (Is he from London?)
	Choice questions (Is he from London or Oxford?)
	Tag Questions (He is from London, is not he?)
	Have got questions (Have you got a car?)
A2	İngilizce Tense’ler Fiil çekimleri (12 tense)		Sıfat sırası (Determiner;Opinion; Size; Age; Shape; Colour; Origin; Material, Purpose; Noun)	Adjectives and adverbs 1 (Düzenli form) (quick/quickly)	Indefinite Pronouns/ Belirsiz zamirler (Anybody, Anyone, Anything, Everybody, etc)	İngilizce between ve among farkı	Subordinating conjunctions (Zarf bağlaçları)-temel (because, after, before, when, where, while )		a lot of, much, many, some, any, both, none of
	Present perfect (I have done)		intensifiers	Adjectives and adverbs 2 (Düzensiz form) (well/fast/late, hard/hardly)		Prepositions of Direction (Yön edatları) (to, into, onto)	İngilizce AS-LIKE-AS IF
	Present perfect continuous (I have been doing)			Adverbs of manner (Tarz zarfları) (She ate quickly.)		Prepositions of Time (Zaman edatları) (in, on, at, during, while, until, ago, before, to, past)	Conditionals 0 (Take medicine if you feel ill. )
	Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)			Adverbs of place (Yer zarfları) (Can you come over here?)		Prepositions of Spatial Relationships (Mekansal ilişki edatları) (above, across, against, ahead of, along, etc.)	Conditionals 1 (If I do … and If I did …)
	Present perfect and past simple (I have done and I did)			Adverbs of time (Zaman zarfları) (I will study now.)		By and until	Unless
	How long have you (been)… ?			Zarf sırası			Wish
	For and since (When … ? and How long … ?)						if only/wish
	İngilizce have vs. have got
	İngilizce used to/ be used to / get used to anlatımı
	would-future in the past tense
	May and might
	Have to and must
	Must mustn’t needn’t
	Must and can’t
	Shall
	Should
	let ile emir kipi (Let’s go and eat.)
	Verb (+ object) … (Please help wash the dishes/ let go him)
	Comparison (See somebody do and see somebody doing)
	To … and preposition + -ing (afraid to do, afraid of -ing)
	Without + doing (He slept without brushing his teeth.)
	Yumuşatılmış emir kipi (Would you shut up !)
	Birinci ve üçüncü kişi emir kipi (Everyone, shut up!)
	Empatik emir kipi (Oh do shut up !)
	Davetler (Have some more cake)
	Wh Questions (Where is he from?)
	How much…how many…very
	Wh Questions (past) (Where did he come from?)
B1	Will be doing		Sıfat + edat kullanımı (good at, interested in, amazed by)		Reciprocal Pronouns/Karşılıklı Zamirler (Each Other, One Another)		Conditionals 2 (If I knew … I wish I knew …)		neither
	Past perfect (I had done)		Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)		Exclamatory Pronoun/ünlem zamiri (What!)		Conditionals 3 (If I had known … I wish I had known …)		either
	Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)						Bağımlı cümle (Tom cried because the ball hit him.)		nothing/anything, nobody/anybody, nowhere/anywhere
	Past perfect/past simple						Noun Clause (isim cümlesi) (I like what I hear.)		İngilizce such kullanımı
	Would						Relative clause (sıfat cümlesi) (Money that is well spent will last forever.)		İngilizce also-too-as well
	Verb + preposition (agree on, close to)						Correlative conjunctions (Denklik bağlaçları) (either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also.)
	Indirect Questions – Polite English (Do you know where he is from?)						Subordinating conjunctions (Zarf bağlaçları) (although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, by the time, etc)
	Negative Questions for Confirmation (Hasn’t he come from London? It’s been 2 months already.)
	“Question Words”, “If” and “Whether” (I wonder if he ever been in London or not)
	Passive voice/ edilgen yapı nedir (Someone stole my bike. / My bike was stolen.)
	Soru cümleleri (Who stole my bike? / By whom was my bike stolen?)
	Edatlı fiillerde kulanımı (She listens to music./ Music is listened to by her.)
	İki nesneli fiiller (She gave me a flower./ A flower was given to me by her.)
	Emir cümlelerinde passive voice (Please, open the door./ You are requested to open the door.)
	Let kullanımı (Let the children play games./ Let games be played by the children.)
	Infinitive- mastar kullanımı (She has to finish her homework./Her homework has to be finished.)
	Tenselere göre passive voice (basit) (He writes an essay. /An essay is written by him.)
	Modallara göre passive voice (basit) (I can lift the box./ The box can be lifted by me.)
	Passive voice – other tenses & modals
	Passive voice – gerunds & infinitives
	Reported speech 1 (He said that …)
	Aktarma fiilleri / Reporting verbs
	Dolaylı anlatımda kip belirteçlerindeki değişim
B2	will get used to		Sıfat double karşılastırma (much better / any better / better and better / the sooner the better)		Relative Pronouns/Göreceli zamirler (Who, Whom, Which, Whose, What, That, Compound Relative: Whoever, Whomever, Whichever, Whatever)		in case ve unless farkı
	will have been finishing		as..as karşılaştırma (as … as / than)		Interrogative Pronouns/Soru zamirleri (Who, Whom, Which, Whose, What, Compound Relative: Whoever, Whomever, Whichever, Whatever)		Relative clause (sıfat cümlesi) 2 (some of which / many of which)
	will have finished						Azaltımış dependent clause (Other researchers (who are) exploring the same topic have discovered similar solutions.)
	Expectations – should / might / may + be + continuous						Edatlı ilgi zamirleri (We bought a chainsaw, with which we cut up all the wood.)
	Could (do) and could have (done)						Mixed conditionals
	may and may have done
	must and mush have done
	should and should have done
	would and would have done
	İngilizce ettirgen yapı (Have something done)
	Ettirgen fiil-causative: Yaptırmak -1 (Have somebody do something)
	Ettirgen fiil-causative: Yaptırmak -2 (Make somebody do something)
	Ettirgen fiil-causative: Yaptırmak -3 (Get somebody do something)
	Ettirgen fiil-causative: Yaptırmak -4 (Let somebody do something)
	Dolaylı anlatım nedir
	Dolaylı anlatımda zarfların değişimi
	Dolaylı anlatımda emir cümleleri
	Dolaylı anlatımda soru
	Dolaylı anlatımda ‘lets’ ve ünlem cümleleri
	İngilizce inversion
	Emphasis – do / did / will
C1	Dare ve Need		Compound adjectives		Distributive Pronouns/Dağıtıcı Zamirler (Each, Either, Neither)		– ing / -ed clauses (Feeling tired, I went to bed early.)
	Rhetorical questions (Are you really serious?)						Cleft sentences (lt was my boss who says…/What he did was wrong/All you need is love)
	Inversion (By no means is it easy to …)

Tavsiye yazı:

Hafıza teknikleri: Hafızanızı geliştirmeniz için 29 Altın Yöntem [Bilim destekli]

Test&Quiz. Kendinizi test edin

https://www.grammarwiz.com/identifying-parts-of-speech-quiz.html

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